Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched canola oil increases adiponectin concentrations: A randomized crossover controlled intervention trial

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 52 - 59
• Main Authors: Baril-Gravel, L., Labonté, M.-E., Couture, P., Vohl, M.-C., Charest, A., Guay, V., Jenkins, D.A., Connelly, P.W., West, S., Kris-Etherton, P.M., Jones, P.J., Fleming, J.A., Lamarche, B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2015
• Subjects: Adiponectin; Adiponectin - agonists; Adiponectin - blood; Adult; adults; Aged; Alpha-linolenic acid; anti-inflammatory activity; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - analysis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use; biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Biomarkers - metabolism; blood cells; Blood Cells - immunology; Blood Cells - metabolism; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive protein; Canada - epidemiology; canola; canola oil; Cardiovascular; Cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular diseases; corn; Cross-Over Studies; dietary fat; Dietary oils; Docosahexaenoic acid; Docosahexaenoic Acids - analysis; Docosahexaenoic Acids - therapeutic use; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - chemistry; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - therapeutic use; Female; flax; Food, Fortified; gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation; genes; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - antagonists & inhibitors; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; Interleukin-6; interleukins; linoleic acid; Male; men; metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology; Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control; metabolism; Middle Aged; nutritional intervention; obesity; Obesity, Abdominal - diet therapy; Obesity, Abdominal - immunology; Obesity, Abdominal - metabolism; Obesity, Abdominal - physiopathology; oleic acid; Pennsylvania - epidemiology; Rapeseed Oil; Risk; safflower oil; transcription factors; women; Young Adult; CRP; RNA; LDL-C; Alpha-linolenic acid; MetSyn; MUFA; NPR3; Cardiovascular disease; IDF; Docosahexaenoic acid; TNF; BP; Adiponectin; Interleukin-6; SFA; HDL-C; Ct; SD; OA; PPAR; CCL2; COMIT; cDNA; hs-CRP; BMI; G6PD; IL; PUFA; Inflammation; NFKB1; SREBF2; Dietary oils; C-Reactive protein; CVD; CV; TG; LA; TRAF3; ALA; EPA; DHA; PPARA; GAPDH; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; natriuretic peptide receptor C; Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial; oleic acid; nuclear factor kappa-B subunit 1; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; saturated fatty acids; TNF receptor-associated factor 3; blood pressure; body mass index; cycle threshold; monounsaturated fatty acids; metabolic syndrome; eicosapentaenoic acid; sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2; high-sensitivity CRP; standard deviation; ribonucleic acid; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2; polyunsaturated fatty acids; complementary deoxyribonucleic acid; PPAR alpha; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; interleukin; International Diabetes Federation; linoleic acid; triglycerides; tumor necrosis factor; coefficient of variation
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.003

Little is known about the effect of various dietary fatty acids on pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. We investigated the effect of 5 oils containing various amounts of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma inflammatory biomarkers and expression levels of key inflammatory genes and transcription factors in whole blood cells. In a randomized, crossover controlled nutrition intervention, 114 adult men and women with abdominal obesity and at least one other criterion for the metabolic syndrome consumed 5 experimental isoenergetic diets for 4 weeks each, separated by 4-week washout periods. Each diet provided 60 g/3000 kcal of different oils: 1) control corn/safflower oil blend (CornSaff; LA-rich), 2) flax/safflower oil blend (FlaxSaff; ALA-rich), 3) conventional canola oil (Canola; OA-rich), 4) high oleic canola oil (CanolaOleic; highest OA content), 5) DHA-enriched high oleic canola oil (CanolaDHA; OA- and DHA-rich). Gene expression in whole blood cells was assessed in a subset of 62 subjects. CanolaDHA increased plasma adiponectin concentrations compared with the control CornSaff oil treatment (+4.5%, P = 0.04) and FlaxSaff (+6.9%, P = 0.0008). CanolaDHA also reduced relative expression levels of interleukin (IL)1B compared with CornSaff and Canola (−11% and −13%, respectively, both P = 0.03). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations were lower after Canola than after FlaxSaff (−17.8%, P = 0.047). DHA-enriched canola oil exerts anti-inflammatory effects compared with polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant sources. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE: NCT01351012; March 14, 2011. •DHA-rich canola oil increases adiponectin compared with PUFA from plant sources.•Anti-inflammatory effects of DHA may occur through down-regulation of IL1B.•MUFA-rich regular canola oil reduces hs-CRP compared with PUFA from plant sources.