Perceived Injustice Helps Explain the Association Between Chronic Pain Stigma and Movement-Evoked Pain in Adults with Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain

• Published in: Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) Vol. 21; no. 11; pp. 3161 - 3171
• Main Authors: Penn, Terence M, Overstreet, Demario S, Aroke, Edwin N, Rumble, Deanna D, Sims, Andrew M, Kehrer, Caroline V, Michl, Ava N, Hasan, Fariha N, Quinn, Tammie L, Long, D Leann, Trost, Zina, Morris, Matthew C, Goodin, Burel R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 01.11.2020
• Subjects: Adult; Back pain; Catastrophization; Chronic Pain; Disability Evaluation; General & Selected Populations Section; Health aspects; Humans; Injustice; Low Back Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain perception; Psychological aspects; Risk factors; Self-perception; Spine; Stigma; Stigma (Social psychology); United States; Perceived Injustice; Chronic Low Back Pain; Stigma
• ISSN: 1526-2375; 1526-4637
• DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa095

Abstract Objective For most patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP), the cause is “nonspecific,” meaning there is no clear association between pain and identifiable pathology of the spine or associated tissues. Laypersons and providers alike are less inclined to help, feel less sympathy, dislike patients more, suspect deception, and attribute lower pain severity to patients whose pain does not have an objective basis in tissue pathology. Because of these stigmatizing responses from others, patients with cLBP may feel that their pain is particularly unjust and unfair. These pain-related injustice perceptions may subsequently contribute to greater cLBP severity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether perceived injustice helps explain the relationship between chronic pain stigma and movement-evoked pain severity among individuals with cLBP. Methods Participants included 105 patients with cLBP who completed questionnaires assessing chronic pain stigma and pain-related injustice perception, as well as a short physical performance battery for the assessment of movement-evoked pain and physical function. Results Findings revealed that perceived injustice significantly mediated the association between chronic pain stigma and cLBP severity (indirect effect = 6.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.041 to 14.913) and physical function (indirect effect = −0.401, 95% CI = −1.029 to −0.052). Greater chronic pain stigma was associated with greater perceived injustice (P = 0.001), which in turn was associated with greater movement-evoked pain severity (P = 0.003). Conclusions These results suggest that perceived injustice may be a means through which chronic pain stigma impacts nonspecific cLBP severity and physical function.