Prevalence and risk variables for peri-implant disease in Brazilian subjects

• Published in: Journal of clinical periodontology Vol. 33; no. 12; pp. 929 - 935
• Main Authors: Ferreira, S. D., Silva, G. L. M, Cortelli, J. R., Costa, J. E., Costa, F. O.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2006
• Subjects: Age Factors; Alveolar Bone Loss - epidemiology; Brazil - epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Implants - statistics & numerical data; Dental Plaque - epidemiology; Diabetes Complications - epidemiology; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage - epidemiology; Humans; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially - rehabilitation; Male; Middle Aged; osseointegrated implants; Osseointegration - physiology; peri-implant disease; peri-implant mucositis; peri-implantitis; Periodontal Attachment Loss - epidemiology; Periodontal Diseases - epidemiology; Periodontal Pocket - epidemiology; Periodontitis - epidemiology; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Brazil
• ISSN: 0303-6979; 1600-051X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01001.x

Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of peri‐implant disease and analyse possible risk variables associated with peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis. The study group consisted of 212 partially edentulous subjects rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants. Material and Methods: The implants placed were examined clinically and radiographically to assess the peri‐implant status. The degree of association between peri‐implant disease and various independent variables was investigated using a multinomial regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis were 64.6% and 8.9%, respectively. In univariate modelling, healthy peri‐implant subjects presented lower plaque scores, less periodontal bleeding on probing, and less time elapsed since placement of supra‐structures. In multivariate analyses, the risk variables associated with increased odds for having peri‐implant disease included: gender, plaque scores, and periodontal bleeding on probing. Presence of periodontitis and diabetes were statistically associated with increased risk of peri‐implantitis. The only two factors, which did not contribute to the presence of the disease, were the time elapsed since placement of supra‐structures and the frequency of visits for maintenance care. Conclusion: Our data suggest that subjects with periodontitis, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene were more prone to develop peri‐implantitis.