Monomer release from direct and indirect adhesive restorations: A comparative in vitro study

• Published in: Dental materials Vol. 36; no. 10; pp. 1275 - 1281
• Main Authors: Putzeys, Eveline, Vercruyssen, Catherine, Duca, Radu Corneliu, Saha, Partha S., Godderis, Lode, Vanoirbeek, Jeroen, Peumans, Marleen, Van Meerbeek, Bart, Van Landuyt, Kirsten L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 01.10.2020; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; CAD; CAD/CAM; CAM; Cementation; Ceramic blocks; Ceramics; Composite; Composite materials; Composite Resins; Computer aided design; Computer aided manufacturing; Crowns; Dental cement; Dental Cements; Dental material; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dental restorative materials; Humans; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Materials Testing; Monomer elution; Monomers; Rapid prototyping; Resin blocks; Solvents; Teeth; Ceramic blocks; Composite; Monomer elution; CAD/CAM; Biocompatibility; Resin blocks; Dental material
• ISSN: 0109-5641; 1879-0097
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.06.001

Indirect dental restorations produced by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) are relatively new in daily dental practice. The aim of the present study was to compare the monomer release between direct composite restorations and indirect CAD/CAM produced restorations (composite, ceramic and hybrid). Identical crown restorations were prepared from three indirect materials (Cerasmart, Vitablocs Mark II and Vita Enamic) and one composite material (Clearfil AP-X). For each restoration, eight crown restorations were luted onto tooth samples and immersed into 2.5mL of an aqueous extraction solvent. Additionally, three nonluted crowns of each restoration type were also immersed in the extraction solvent, and served as controls. Every week, the extraction solvent was collected and refreshed, during a period of 8 weeks. The released monomers were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Indirect restorations release significantly lower quantities of residual monomers than direct restorations, and the monomers released by the luted indirect restorations are mainly derived from the composite material used for cementation. The quantity of monomers released by direct restorations greatly depended on the time of light polymerization. In terms of monomer release, indirect restorations are a good alternative to direct restorations to limit patient exposure to residual monomers. It is important to ideally design the fit of indirect restoration so that the cement layer is as thin as possible and the monomer release from this cement layer remains as low as possible.