Acute toxicity and responses of antioxidant systems to 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide at different developmental stages of goldfish

• Published in: Ecotoxicology (London) Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 253 - 259
• Main Authors: Li, Xiao-Yu, Zeng, Shi-Hu, Dong, Xiang-Yi, Ma, Jun-Guo, Wang, Jian-Ji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer US 2012; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acute toxicity; Adults; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Aquatic ecosystems; Bromides; Carassius auratus; Catalase; Catalase - drug effects; Catalase - metabolism; Developmental stages; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Ecotoxicology; Embryonic development; Environment; Environmental Management; Fish; Fish populations; Freshwater; Glutathione; Glutathione - drug effects; Glutathione - metabolism; Glutathione Peroxidase - drug effects; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism; Goldfish - growth & development; Goldfish - metabolism; Imidazoles - toxicity; Intestines - drug effects; Ionic Liquids - chemistry; Ionic Liquids - toxicity; Kidney - drug effects; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Liver - drug effects; Malondialdehyde - analysis; Malondialdehyde - toxicity; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Oxidizing agents; Peroxidation; Superoxide Dismutase - drug effects; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Toxicity; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Antioxidant system; Developmental stage; Toxicity; 1-Methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide
• ISSN: 0963-9292; 1573-3017
• DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0785-z

Acute toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C 8 mim]Br) to goldfish at different developmental stages and responses of the antioxidant system in adult goldfish were evaluated in the present study. The results indicate that post-embryonic developmental toxicity of [C 8 mim]Br on goldfish is developmental-stage dependent. The juvenile and larva goldfish are more sensitive to [C 8 mim]Br-toxicity than the adult fish. Histological observations in adult goldfish reveal that acute [C 8 mim]Br exposure damages the hepatopancreas, intestines, and kidneys, indicating that these are possible target organs of [C 8 mim]Br toxicity in goldfish. Subsequent biochemical assays in adult goldfish show that [C 8 mim]Br also induces changes in the activities of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione content of fish hepatopancreas. These results suggest that [C 8 mim]Br exposure may induce oxidant stress and lipid peroxidation in hepatopancreas of adult goldfish. In addition, we also find that [C 8 mim]Br causes a remarkable increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hepatopancreas of adult goldfish, and thus we think that the MDA level change can be a biomarker of [C 8 mim]Br toxicity in goldfish. The present study indicates that ionic liquids can be a threat to the survival, growth, and development of the fish population once they are accidentally leaked into aquatic ecosystems.