Essential role for DNA-PK-mediated phosphorylation of NR4A nuclear orphan receptors in DNA double-strand break repair

• Published in: Genes & development Vol. 25; no. 19; pp. 2031 - 2040
• Main Authors: Malewicz, Michal, Kadkhodaei, Banafsheh, Kee, Nigel, Volakakis, Nikolaos, Hellman, Ulf, Viktorsson, Kristina, Leung, Chuen Yan, Chen, Benjamin, Lewensohn, Rolf, van Gent, Dik C, Chen, David J, Perlmann, Thomas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 01.10.2011
• Subjects: Animals; Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; DNA Repair; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase - metabolism; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism; DNA-PK; Gene Knockout Techniques; Humans; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Mice; NR4A; Nuclear Proteins - metabolism; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 - genetics; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 - metabolism; Nur77; Nurr1; PARP-1; Phosphorylation; Protein Transport; Research Paper; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - genetics; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - physiopathology
• ISSN: 0890-9369; 1549-5477; 1549-5477
• DOI: 10.1101/gad.16872411

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a central regulator of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair; however, the identity of relevant DNA-PK substrates has remained elusive. NR4A nuclear orphan receptors function as sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors that participate in adaptive and stress-related cell responses. We show here that NR4A proteins interact with the DNA-PK catalytic subunit and, upon exposure to DNA damage, translocate to DSB foci by a mechanism requiring the activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). At DNA repair foci, NR4A is phosphorylated by DNA-PK and promotes DSB repair. Notably, NR4A transcriptional activity is entirely dispensable in this function, and core components of the DNA repair machinery are not transcriptionally regulated by NR4A. Instead, NR4A functions directly at DNA repair sites by a process that requires phosphorylation by DNA-PK. Furthermore, a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-causing mutation in the human gene encoding the DNA-PK catalytic subunit impairs the interaction and phosphorylation of NR4A at DSBs. Thus, NR4As represent an entirely novel component of DNA damage response and are substrates of DNA-PK in the process of DSB repair.