Systematic Review on the Efficacy, Effectiveness, Safety, and Immunogenicity of Monkeypox Vaccine

• Published in: Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 1708
• Main Authors: Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Elrewany, Ehab, Gebreal, Assem, ElMakhzangy, Rony, Fadl, Noha, Elbanna, Eman Hassan, Tolba, Mahmoud M, Hammad, Elsayed Mohamed, Youssef, Naglaa, Abosheaishaa, Hazem, Hamouda, Elsayed Eldeeb Mehana, Mehana, Zeyad Elsayed Eldeeb, Al Zomia, Ahmed Saad, A Alnami, Raad Ahmed, Salma, Emad Ali Saeed, Alqahtani, Abdulaziz Saleh, Alshehri, Abdulaziz Fayez, Hussein, Mai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.11.2023
• Subjects: Antibodies; Bacterial infections; Care and treatment; Citation management software; Cross-protection; Diagnosis; Disease prevention; Dosage and administration; Effectiveness; Encephalitis; Epidemics; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human monkeypox; Immunization; Immunogenicity; Infections; Medical personnel; Monkeypox; Public health; Risk factors; Safety; Smallpox; Smallpox vaccine; Systematic review; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine efficacy; vaccine immunogenicity; vaccine safety; Vaccines; Egypt; United States > US; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine safety; vaccine immunogenicity; vaccine efficacy; monkeypox
• ISSN: 2076-393X; 2076-393X
• DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111708

The variation in the reported vaccine safety and effectiveness could contribute to the high rates of vaccine hesitancy among the general population and healthcare workers in areas where monkeypox (mpox) is circulating. In this review, our objective was to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, effectiveness, and efficacy of the mpox vaccines. An extensive search for articles across multiple databases was performed, including searching six databases (PubMed Central, PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest), two pre-print databases (European PMC Preprint and MedRxiv), and Google Scholar. A total of 4290 citations were retrieved from the included databases. Following the removal of duplicates and the initial screening of records, a total of 36 studies were included into the analysis. Additionally, we identified five more studies through manual searches, resulting in a total of 41 eligible articles for qualitative synthesis. The study findings revealed that mpox vaccines demonstrate the ability to generate adequate antibodies; however, their effectiveness may decrease over time, exhibiting varying safety profiles. Most of the included studies consistently reported substantial levels of effectiveness and efficacy against mpox. Interestingly, the number of vaccine doses administered was found to influence the degree of immunogenicity, subsequently impacting the overall effectiveness and efficacy of the vaccines. Furthermore, we found that smallpox vaccines exhibited a form of cross-protection against mpox. Vaccines can be used to prevent mpox and effectively control its spread.