Tolerance to graded dosages of histidine supplementation in healthy human adults

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 112; no. 5; pp. 1358 - 1367
• Main Authors: Gheller, Mary E, Vermeylen, Francoise, Handzlik, Michal K, Gheller, Brandon J, Bender, Erica, Metallo, Christian, Aydemir, Tolunay B, Smriga, Miro, Thalacker-Mercer, Anna E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.11.2020; Oxford University Press; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; adverse effect; Amino acids; Analytical chemistry; Anthropometry; Aspartate aminotransferase; Blood; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Body composition; C-Reactive Protein; Diet; Dietary intake; Dietary Supplements; Dosage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Female; Ferritin; Food intake; Histidine; Histidine - administration & dosage; Histidine - adverse effects; Histidine - pharmacology; human NOAEL; Humans; Male; Men; Middle Aged; tolerance; upper level; Urea; Women; Young Adult; Zinc; CRP; AST; ALT; HMRU; MSQ; LRT; human NOAEL; adverse effect; LOAEL; upper level; NOAEL; BUN; tolerance; histidine; PSQI
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa210

Histidine is an essential amino acid with health benefits that may warrant histidine supplementation; however, the clinical safety of histidine intake above the average dietary intake (1.52–5.20 g/d) needs to be vetted. We aimed to determine the tolerance to graded dosages of histidine in a healthy adult population. Healthy adults aged 21–50 y completed graded dosages of histidine supplement (4, 8, and 12 g/d, Study 1) (n = 20 men and n = 20 women) and/or a 16-g/d dosage of histidine (Study 2, n = 21 men and n = 19 women); 27 participants (n = 12 men and n = 15 women) completed both studies. After study enrollment and baseline measures, participants consumed encapsulated histidine for 4 wk followed by a 3-wk recovery period. Primary outcomes included vitals, select biochemical analytes, anthropometry, serum zinc, and body composition (via DXA). No changes in vitals or body composition occurred with histidine supplementation in either study. Plasma histidine (measured in subjects who completed all dosages for Studies 1 and 2) was elevated at the 12- and 16-g/d dosages (compared with 0–8 g/d, P < 0.05) and blood urea nitrogen increased with dosage (P = 0.013) and time (P < 0.001) in Study 1 and with time in Study 2 (P < 0.001). In Study 1, mean ferritin concentrations were lower in 12 g/d (46.0 ng/mL; 95% CI: 34.8, 60.9 ng/mL) than in 4 g/d (51.6 ng/mL; 95% CI: 39.0, 68.4 ng/mL; P = 0.038). In Study 2, 16 g/d increased mean aspartate aminotransferase from baseline (19 U/L; 95% CI: 17, 22 U/L) to week 4 (24 U/L; 95% CI: 21, 27 U/L; P < 0.001) and mean serum zinc decreased from baseline (0.75 μg/dL; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.80 μg/dL) to week 4 (0.70 μg/dL; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.74 μg/dL; P = 0.011). Although values remained within the normal reference ranges for all analytes measured, in all dosages tested, the human no-observed adverse effect level was determined to be 8 g/d owing to changes in blood parameters at the 12-g/d dosage. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04142294.