Fermentation of Green Tea with 2% Aquilariae lignum Increases the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Green Tea Aqueous Extracts in the High Fat-Fed Mouse

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 7; no. 11; pp. 9046 - 9078
• Main Authors: Lee, Ji Eun, Kang, Su Jin, Choi, Seong Hun, Song, Chang Hyun, Lee, Young Joon, Ku, Sae Kwang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 03.11.2015; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Antidiabetics; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Aquilariae lignum; Biological activity; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body fat; Camellia sinensis; Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control; Diet, High-Fat; Enzymes; Fatty acids; Female; Fermentation; fermented green tea; Glucose; hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme; high fat diet; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Hypolipidemic Agents - pharmacology; Hypolipidemic Agents - therapeutic use; Insulin resistance; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - pathology; Liver; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Medicine; Metabolic syndrome; metformin; Mice; mouse; obese; Obesity; Pancreas; Pancreas - drug effects; Pancreas - pathology; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations - metabolism; Plant Preparations - pharmacology; Plant Preparations - therapeutic use; simvastatin; Tea; Thymelaeaceae; mouse; hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme; fermented green tea; Aquilariae lignum; simvastatin; metformin; diabetes; high fat diet; obese
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu7115447

Anti-diabetic effects on the metabolomic differences between green tea (GT) and Aquilariae lignum-fermented green tea (fGT) were investigated in the high fat-fed mouse. To prove the differences, hypoglycemic (blood glucose, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels, pancreas weights and histopathological-immunohistochemistrical analysis of pancreas-insulin/glucagon cells), hepato- and nephron-protective (the changes in liver and kidney weight, histopathology of liver and kidney, serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) levels, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels), and hypolipidemic (the changes of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low- and high-density lipoprotein levels with fecal total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents) effects were evaluated. In addition, liver lipid peroxidation, the glutathione contents, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were measured according to the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities of glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for action mechanisms. As a result, fGT showed a stronger hypoglycemic, hepato- and nephron-protective, hypolipidemic, and anti-oxidant effect than GT in high fat-fed mice. In addition, fGT-treated mice exerted more favorable inhibitory activities against GK, G6pase, PERCK activities as compared to GT-treated mice. Taken together, fGT fermented with Aquilariae lignum, 1:49 (2%; g/g) has a stronger effect compared with GT. Therefore, fGT has the potential to increase bioactivity against type 2 diabetics.