Assessing Walking Strategies Using Insole Pressure Sensors for Stroke Survivors

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 16; no. 10; p. 1631
• Main Authors: Munoz-Organero, Mario, Parker, Jack, Powell, Lauren, Mawson, Susan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.10.2016; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Asymmetry; Biosensing Techniques - methods; Chairs; Feedback; Female; Gait; Humans; Information communication; insole pressure sensors; Insoles; Machine learning; Male; Middle Aged; Older people; Patients; Pressure distribution; Pressure sensors; Rehabilitation; Sensors; Strategy; Stroke; Stroke - therapy; Stroke Rehabilitation - methods; stroke survivals; Strokes; Survivors; Tasks; Walking; walking strategies; insole pressure sensors; rehabilitation; stroke survivals; machine learning; walking strategies
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s16101631

Insole pressure sensors capture the different forces exercised over the different parts of the sole when performing tasks standing up such as walking. Using data analysis and machine learning techniques, common patterns and strategies from different users to achieve different tasks can be automatically extracted. In this paper, we present the results obtained for the automatic detection of different strategies used by stroke survivors when walking as integrated into an Information Communication Technology (ICT) enhanced Personalised Self-Management Rehabilitation System (PSMrS) for stroke rehabilitation. Fourteen stroke survivors and 10 healthy controls have participated in the experiment by walking six times a distance from chair to chair of approximately 10 m long. The Rivermead Mobility Index was used to assess the functional ability of each individual in the stroke survivor group. Several walking strategies are studied based on data gathered from insole pressure sensors and patterns found in stroke survivor patients are compared with average patterns found in healthy control users. A mechanism to automatically estimate a mobility index based on the similarity of the pressure patterns to a stereotyped stride is also used. Both data gathered from stroke survivors and healthy controls are used to evaluate the proposed mechanisms. The output of trained algorithms is applied to the PSMrS system to provide feedback on gait quality enabling stroke survivors to self-manage their rehabilitation.