Polyomavirus BK and JC in individuals with chronic kidney failure, kidney transplantation, and healthy controls

• Published in: Journal of clinical virology Vol. 89; pp. 5 - 9
• Main Authors: Castro, Talita, Fink, Maria Cristina Domingues, Figueiredo, Marilia, Braz-Silva, Paulo Henrique, Pannuti, Cláudio Mendes, Ortega, Karem Lopez, Gallottini, Marina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.04.2017
• Subjects: Allergy and Immunology; BK virus; Chronic kidney failure; Gingival crevicular fluid; Infectious Disease; JC virus; Kidney transplantation; Saliva; BKPyV; Chronic kidney failure; JC virus; JCPyV; KT; BK virus; GCF; Saliva; Gingival crevicular fluid; CKF; Kidney transplantation; kidney transplantation; polyomavirus BK; chronic kidney failure; polyomavirus JC; gingival crevicular flui
• ISSN: 1386-6532; 1873-5967; 1873-5967
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.02.003

•Oral fluids are equally efficient to detect BKV and JCV compared to urine and blood.•Oral fluids enhance positive screening of BKV and JCV in people who cannot urinate.•This was the first study to detect and quantify BKV and JCV in gingival fluid.•The salivary glands are probably a reservoir of BKV and JCV.•High concentration of BKV and JCV in saliva suggests a transmission by this route. New clinical approaches to diagnose and monitor individuals with systemic diseases have been employed through the use of oral fluids. Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) and JC (JCPyV) infect asymptomatically around 80% of general population worldwide remaining latent in the body. In case of immunosuppression, a replication can occur, leading to diseases. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify BKPyV and JCPyV in oral fluids of individuals with chronic kidney failure (CKF), kidney transplantation (KT) and controls compared with their detection in blood and urine, traditionally used for this test. Forty six subjects were included and distributed into 3 groups: 14 with CKF (Group 1), 12 with KT (Group 2) and 20 healthy individuals (Group 3). In a total, 315 samples were collected and analyzed through RT-PCR, being 151 of gingival crevicular fluid, 46 of saliva, 46 of mouthwash, 43 of blood and 29 of urine. All subjects from group 1 were positive for BKPyV in at least one collected samples and 14% were positive for JCPyV. In Group 2, 91.7% were positive for BKPyV and 51.7% for JCPyV. Among subjects of Group 3, 80% were positive for BKPyV and 45% for JCPyV. Oral fluids exhibited high prevalence of BKPyV and JCPyV and were equally efficient compared to urine and blood. The use of oral fluids to detect these polyomaviruses enhances positivity in screening, even in cases of absence of viremia and especially in individuals who are not able to urinate.