microRNA expression in acute myeloid leukaemia: New targets for therapy?

Recent studies have shown that short non‐coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs) and their dysregulation, are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This is due to their role in the control of gene expression in a variety of molecular pathways. Therapies involving miRNA su...

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Published inEJHaem Vol. 3; no. 3; pp. 596 - 608
Main Authors Fletcher, Daniel, Brown, Elliott, Javadala, Julliah, Uysal‐Onganer, Pinar, Guinn, Barbara‐ann
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.08.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
Subjects
acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
Acute myeloid leukemia
Apoptosis
Biosynthesis
Cell cycle
Cell survival
Clinical trials
CRISPR
Cyclin-dependent kinases
Cytoplasm
Dendritic cells
Drug resistance
Endoplasmic reticulum
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Granulocytes
Homeostasis
Hypoxia
Kinases
Leukemia
Medical prognosis
microRNA
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Nanoparticles
Patients
Phosphatase
Physiology
Proteins
Remission (Medicine)
Review
Reviews
Stem cells
stemness
Therapeutic targets
therapy
acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
miRNA
microRNA
therapy
stemness
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Summary:Recent studies have shown that short non‐coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs) and their dysregulation, are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). This is due to their role in the control of gene expression in a variety of molecular pathways. Therapies involving miRNA suppression and replacement have been developed. The normalisation of expression and the subsequent impact on AML cells have been investigated for some miRNAs, demonstrating their potential to act as therapeutic targets. Focussing on miRs with therapeutic potential, we have reviewed those that have a significant impact on the aberrant biological processes associated with AML, and crucially, impact leukaemic stem cell survival. We describe six miRNAs in preclinical trials (miR‐21, miR‐29b, miR‐126, miR‐181a, miR‐223 and miR‐196b) and two miRNAs that are in clinical trials (miR‐29 and miR‐155). However none have been used to treat AML patients and greater efforts are needed to develop miRNA therapies that could benefit AML patients in the future.
Bibliography:Funding information
D.F. and J.J. were supported by the University of Hull internship scheme.
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ISSN:2688-6146
2688-6146
DOI:10.1002/jha2.441