Aegle marvels (L.) Correa Leaf Essential Oil and Its Phytoconstituents as an Anticancer and Anti- Streptococcus mutans Agent

• Published in: Antibiotics (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 5; p. 835
• Main Authors: Aodah, Alhussain H, Balaha, Mohamed F, Jawaid, Talha, Khan, Mohammed Moizuddin, Ansari, Mohammad Javed, Alam, Aftab
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.04.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Aegle marmelos; anti-Streptococcus mutans; anticancer; Anticancer properties; Antimicrobial agents; antioxidant; Antioxidants; Antitumor activity; Ascorbic acid; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Cancer therapies; Carcinogens; Cineole; Dental caries; Disease; Doxorubicin; essential oil; Essential oils; Free radicals; Fruits; Gas chromatography; Infections; Kinases; Leaves; Limonene; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolites; Molecular docking; Oils & fats; Oral carcinoma; Pharmacology; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Receptors; Streptococcus infections; Streptococcus mutans; Sulfonic acid; Tyrosinase; Tyrosine; anti-Streptococcus mutans; antioxidant; molecular docking; essential oil; Aegle marmelos; anticancer
• ISSN: 2079-6382; 2079-6382
• DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050835

( ) or Indian Bael leaves possess anti-cancerous and antibacterial properties and are used in the traditional medicine system for the treatment of oral infections. In the present study, the essential oil of the leaves of was explored for its anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-cariogenic properties. The hydro-distilled oil of leaves was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Monoterpene limonene (63.71%) was found to have the highest percentage after trans-2-Hydroxy-1,8-cineole and p-Menth-2,8-dien-1-ol. The MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay was used to investigate the anticancer activity of the extracted oil against human oral epidermal carcinoma (KB), and the results showed significantly higher (*** < 0.0001) anticancer activity (45.89%) in the doxorubicin (47.87%) when compared to the normal control. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using methods of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)). The results showed a significant (*** < 0.001) percentage of inhibition of DPPH-induced free radical (70.02 ± 1.6%) and ABTS-induced free radical (70.7 ± 1.32%) at 100 µg/mL with IC , 72.51 and 67.33 µg/mL, respectively, comparatively lower than standard compound ascorbic acid. The results of the molecular docking study of the significant compound limonene with the receptors tyrosinase and tyrosine kinase 2 supported the in vitro antioxidant potential. The anti-cariogenic activity was evaluated against ( . Results showed a significant minimum inhibitor concentration of 0.25 mg/mL and the killing time was achieved at 3 to 6 h. The molecular-docking study showed that limonene inhibits the surface receptors of the c-terminal domain and CviR protein. The study found that leaves have potential anti-carcinoma, antioxidant, and anti-cariogenic effects on human oral epidermal health, making them a valuable natural therapeutic agent for managing oral cancer and infections.