Surface Chemical Changes of Sugar Maple Wood Induced by Thermo-Hygromechanical (THM) Treatment

• Published in: Materials Vol. 12; no. 12; p. 1946
• Main Authors: Fu, Qilan, Cloutier, Alain, Laghdir, Aziz, Stevanovic, Tatjana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.06.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; anhydrous sugar; Carbon; Cellulose; Chains; Chemical composition; Chemical elements; Chemical properties; Chromatography; Densification; Depolymerization; Flooring; Fourier transforms; Functional groups; Gas chromatography; Heat; Infrared reflection; Infrared spectroscopy; Investigations; Lignin; Mass spectrometry; Mechanical properties; Moisture content; Organic chemistry; Photoelectrons; Pyrolysis; Scientific imaging; surface chemical composition; Wood; wood densification; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Canada; anhydrous sugar; depolymerization; wood densification; surface chemical composition
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma12121946

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat and steam on the chemical properties of thermo-hygromechanical (THM)-densified sugar maple wood. The THM densification process was performed at two different temperatures (180 °C and 200 °C) with and without steam. The functional groups, surface chemical composition and internal structure and components of the control and densified samples were investigated using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The obtained results suggest that the THM densification treatment resulted in significant chemical changes on the wood surface. The results of the ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the decomposition of hemicelluloses and the relative increase of cellulose and lignin contents on the wood surface. The Py-GC/MS and XPS results show an increase of the oxygen/carbon atomic (O/C) ratio, which indicated that chemical substances containing oxygenated functionality were formed through the densification process. The densification treatment favored the depolymerization of hemicelluloses and cellulose as indicated by an increased anhydrous sugar (levoglucosan) release during the pyrolysis process. Densification also facilitated the cleavage of the lignin side chains, resulting in increased phenyl units with short chains released during the pyrolysis process.