A temporal waterline approach to mapping intertidal areas using X-band marine radar

• Published in: Coastal engineering (Amsterdam) Vol. 107; pp. 84 - 101
• Main Authors: Bell, Paul S., Bird, Cai O., Plater, Andrew J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.01.2016
• Subjects: Brackish; Coastal monitoring; Elevation; Intertidal mapping; Mapping; Marine; Marine radar; Mouth; Radar; Radar imagery; Remote sensing; Temporal logic; Waterline; X-band; ANE, British Isles, Dee Estuary; Waterline; Marine radar; Coastal monitoring; Intertidal mapping; Remote sensing
• ISSN: 0378-3839; 1872-7379
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.09.009

Mapping the morphology of intertidal areas is a logistically challenging, time consuming and expensive task due to their large expanse and difficulties associated with access. A technique is presented here that uses standard marine navigational radar operating at X-band frequency. The method uses a series of time-exposure radar images over the course of a two-week tidal cycle to identify the elevation of the wetting and drying transitions at each pixel in the radar images, thereby building up a morphological map of the target intertidal area. This “Temporal Waterline” method is applied to a dataset acquired from Hilbre Island at the mouth of the Dee Estuary, UK, spanning March 2006 to January 2007. The radar gathered data with a radial range of 4km and the resulting elevation maps describe the intertidal regions of that area. The results are compared with airborne LiDAR data surveyed over the same area and within the radar survey time period. The residual differences show good agreement across large areas of beach and sandbanks, with concentrations of poor estimations around points that are shadowed from the radar or likely to suffer from pooling water. This paper presents the theoretical framework of the method and demonstrates its stability and accuracy. The Temporal Waterline radar method is aimed at providing a useful tool for the monitoring and operational management of coastlines. •A new and robust waterline method for mapping intertidal areas using data collected using a standard marine X-band radar.•The method differs from other waterline based methods by moving the analysis from the spatial domain to the temporal domain.•Results are presented from a ten-month dataset recorded in a macro-tidal estuary with complex morphology.•The method showed stable rock reference targets remaining static, while mobile sandy areas showed realistic changes.•Comparison of the absolute elevations derived by the method compare well with an aerial LiDAR survey.