The effect of HTLV-1 virulence factors (HBZ, Tax, proviral load), HLA class I and plasma neopterin on manifestation of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy tropical spastic paraparesis

• Published in: Virus research Vol. 228; pp. 1 - 6
• Main Authors: Tarokhian, Hanieh, Taghadosi, Mahdi, Rafatpanah, Hushang, Rajaei, Taraneh, Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza, Valizadeh, Narges, Rezaee, S.A. Rahim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.01.2017
• Subjects: Adult; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors - genetics; Blood Cell Count; carrier state; Cross-Sectional Studies; disease course; erythrocyte count; Erythrocyte Indices; erythrocytes; Female; gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Genes, MHC Class I; Genes, pX; HAM/TSP; HBZ; hematocrit; Histocompatibility Testing; HLA; HTLV-I Infections - blood; HTLV-I Infections - genetics; HTLV-I Infections - virology; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - physiology; Humans; leukocyte count; Male; Middle Aged; monitoring; mononuclear leukocytes; Neopterin; Neopterin - blood; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic - diagnosis; Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic - etiology; pathogenesis; patients; Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1; Proviral load; Proviruses - genetics; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Retroviridae; Retroviridae Proteins - genetics; Symptom Assessment; Tax; Viral Load; virulence; Virulence Factors - genetics; HBZ; HAM/TSP; Tax; Neopterin; HLA; Proviral load
• ISSN: 0168-1702; 1872-7492; 1872-7492
• DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.009

Previous studies have suggested debatable roles of Tax and HBZ gene expression in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In this study, HTLV-1 and host interactions in the manifestation of HAM/TSP were evaluated. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 33 HAM/TSP patients and 38 HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers (ACs). HTLV-1-Tax, HBZ gene expression, and proviral load (PVL) were assessed using the quantitative real-time PCR (TaqMan), host plasma neopterin level, and HLA-I, and the clinical manifestation were evaluated. The HTLV-1 PVLs in HAM/TSP and ACs were 306±360.741 copies/104 PBMCs and 250.98±629.94 copies/104 PBMCs, respectively; the PVL was higher in HAM/TSP than that in ACs (p=0.004). HTLV-1 Tax and HBZ expression in HAM/TSP was higher than that in ACs, wherein only the Tax expression was statistically significant (p=0.039). In contrast to Japanese HTLV-1-infected subjects, HLA-A*02, HLA-A*24, HLA-Cw*08, and HLA-B*5401 did not exhibit preventive effects for HAM/TSP manifestation. The plasma neopterin level was significantly higher in HAM/TSPs than that in ACs; furthermore, there was a strong significant correlation between plasma neopterin and PVL (R=0.76, p=0.001). Moreover, there were significant correlation between urinary disturbances and haematological indices, including the RBC count (R=−0.61, p=0.01) and Hematocrit (Ht) index (R=−0.75, p=0.002), and between mobility disturbances with Tax expression (R=−0.58, p=0.02) and WBC counts (R=−0.54, p=0.04), and finally, a significant association was found between the sensory disturbances and PVL (p=0.05). Overall, HTLV-1 PVL and Tax may be the valid predictors of disease development, and the neopterin level may be a valid predictor of disease progression. In addition, Tax and neopterin are more helpful than PVL for the monitoring of HTLV-1-infected patients.