Fecal metatranscriptomics and glycomics suggest that bovine milk oligosaccharides are fully utilized by healthy adults

Human milk oligosaccharides play a vital role in the development of the gut microbiome in the human infant. Although oligosaccharides derived from bovine milk (BMO) differ in content and profile with those derived from human milk (HMO), several oligosaccharide structures are shared between the speci...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inThe Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol. 79; p. 108340
Main Authors Westreich, Samuel T., Salcedo, Jaime, Durbin-Johnson, Blythe, Smilowitz, Jennifer T., Korf, Ian, Mills, David A., Barile, Daniela, Lemay, Danielle G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2020
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
adults
Animals
breast milk
colon
Cross-Over Studies
Dietary Supplements
digestive tract
feces
Feces - chemistry
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics
gene expression
Glycome
Glycomics
Humans
ingredients
intestinal microorganisms
Male
mass spectrometry
Metatranscriptome
Microbiome
Milk
Milk - chemistry
Milk oligosaccharides
Milk, Human - chemistry
Nutrition
oligosaccharides
Oligosaccharides - analysis
Oligosaccharides - genetics
prebiotics
Transcriptome
transcriptomics
Young Adult
Nutrition
Metatranscriptome
Milk oligosaccharides
Glycome
Microbiome
Milk
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Summary:Human milk oligosaccharides play a vital role in the development of the gut microbiome in the human infant. Although oligosaccharides derived from bovine milk (BMO) differ in content and profile with those derived from human milk (HMO), several oligosaccharide structures are shared between the species. BMO are commercial alternatives to HMO, but their fate in the digestive tract of healthy adult consumers is unknown. Healthy human subjects consumed two BMO doses over 11-day periods each and provided fecal samples. Metatranscriptomics of fecal samples were conducted to determine microbial and host gene expression in response to the supplement. Fecal samples were also analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine levels of undigested BMO. No changes were observed in microbial gene expression across all participants. Repeated sampling enabled subject-specific analyses: four of six participants had minor, yet statistically significant, changes in microbial gene expression. No significant change was observed in the gene expression of host cells exfoliated in stool. Levels of BMO excreted in feces after supplementation were not significantly different from baseline and were not correlated with dosage or expressed microbial enzyme levels. Collectively, these data suggest that BMO are fully fermented in the human gastrointestinal tract upstream of the distal colon. Additionally, the unaltered host transcriptome provides further evidence for the safety of BMO as a dietary supplement or food ingredient. Further research is needed to investigate potential health benefits of this completely fermentable prebiotic that naturally occurs in cow's milk.
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ObjectType-Article-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
Samuel Westreich: Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Interpretation, Writing – Original Draft. Jaime Salcedo: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data Interpretation, Writing – Original Draft. Blythe Durbin-Johnson: Formal analysis, Writing – Review and Editing. Jennifer Smilowitz: Resources, Methodology, Writing – Review and Editing. Ian Korf: Resources, Supervision, Writing – Review and Editing. David Mills: Conceptualization, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Data Interpretation, Writing– Review and Editing. Daniela Barile: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Data Interpretation, Project Administration, Writing – Review and Editing. Danielle Lemay: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Funding acquisition, Data Interpretation, Project Administration, Writing – Review and Editing.
Authors’ contributions
Author statement
Conceived and designed experiments and protocol: J.T.S., D.B., D.G. L., D.A.M.; initial sample collection: J.T.S., D.G.L.; mass spectrometry: J. S.; data analysis and bioinformatics work: S.T.W., D.G.L.; statistics: B.D. J.; data interpretation: all authors. All authors approved the final version and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
ISSN:0955-2863
1873-4847
1873-4847
DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108340