Glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose homeostasis and diabetes

Incretins, enhancers of insulin secretion, are essential for glucose tolerance, and a reduction in their function might contribute to poor β-cell function in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, at supraphysiological doses, the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) protects pancreatic...

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Published inTrends in molecular medicine Vol. 14; no. 4; pp. 161 - 168
Main Authors Holst, Jens J., Deacon, Carolyn F., Vilsbøll, Tina, Krarup, Thure, Madsbad, Sten
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2008
Subjects
Diabetes Mellitus - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus - therapy
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - metabolism
Glucose - metabolism
Homeostasis
Humans
Pathology
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ISSN1471-4914
1471-499X
DOI10.1016/j.molmed.2008.01.003

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Summary:Incretins, enhancers of insulin secretion, are essential for glucose tolerance, and a reduction in their function might contribute to poor β-cell function in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, at supraphysiological doses, the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) protects pancreatic β cells, and inhibits glucagon secretion, gastric emptying and food intake, leading to weight loss. GLP-1 mimetics, which are stable-peptide-based activators of the GLP-1 receptor, and incretin enhancers, which inhibit the incretin-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, have emerged as therapies for type-2 diabetes and have recently reached the market. The pathophysiological basis the clinical use of these therapeutics is reviewed here.
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ISSN:1471-4914
1471-499X
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2008.01.003