Aspirin resistance in South African Caucasian patients with thrombotic cerebrovascular events

• Published in: Journal of the neurological sciences Vol. 277; no. 1; pp. 80 - 82
• Main Authors: Bernstein, P.L, Jacobson, B.F, Connor, M.D, Becker, P.J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 15.02.2009; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin - therapeutic use; Aspirin resistance; Biological and medical sciences; Caucasian patients; Drug Resistance; European Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Female; Humans; Intracranial Thrombosis - drug therapy; Intracranial Thrombosis - ethnology; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Multiple sclerosis and variants. Guillain barré syndrome and other inflammatory polyneuropathies. Leukoencephalitis; Neurology; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Prevalence; Recurrence; South Africa - epidemiology; South African; Thrombotic cerebrovascular events; Young Adult; South Africa; Thrombotic cerebrovascular events; Aspirin resistance; Caucasian patients; South African; Vascular disease; Human; Nervous system diseases; South; Cardiovascular disease; Acetylsalicylic acid; Thrombosis; African
• ISSN: 0022-510X; 1878-5883
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.10.013

Abstract Objective Stroke is the second commonest cause of death in both high and low- and middle-income countries [Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. The Lancet 2006; 367:1747–57]. In South Africa, a population undergoing demographic and epidemiological transition, stroke is the third commonest cause of death [Norman R, Bradshaw D, Schneider M, Pieterse D, Groenewald P. Revised burden of disease estimates for the comparative risk factor assessment, South Africa, 2000. Cape Town: Medical Research Council. 2006]. Although aspirin remains an essential part of stroke prevention, platelet response to therapeutic doses is not uniform. Some patients exhibit aspirin resistance and develop secondary thrombotic events. We decided to determine the prevalence of aspirin resistance and/or platelet hypersensitivity, as determined by platelet aggregometry, in sixty Caucasian patients who have suffered one or more Strokes and/or Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIAs) as compared with sixty control subjects. Methods Aspirin resistance was determined by platelet aggregation (> 20%) to one or more of the four agonists, namely arachidonic acid (1.5 mM), adrenaline (0.05 µg/ml), collagen (0.2 µg/ml) or ADP (0.1 × 10 − 5  M). Results Two patients demonstrated “complete aspirin resistance” (non-responder to aspirin) with resistance to arachidonic acid (high concentration) noted. Three patients demonstrated “partial aspirin resistance” (semi-responder to aspirin). One contol subject showed “complete aspirin resistance”. There is a 1.67% chance of a control subject being resistant to aspirin in a general South African Caucasian population. A history of prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of aspirin resistance with an odds ratio of 5.36. Conclusion These results essentially concur with those of the studied literature in showing an 8% prevalence (statistically significant) of aspirin resistance (complete and partial) in South African Caucasian patients with previous atherothrombotic cerebrovascular events i.e. CVAs and/or TIAs. The current study shows an increased prevalence of aspirin resistance in people who have had prior strokes/TIAs and raises the question whether people who have had these events are somehow predisposed to vascular events or indeed recurrent vascular events. “Aspirin resistant” patients or “poor responders” to aspirin must be considered at heightened risk of atherothrombotic events and laboratory monitoring of antiplatelet therapy may become clinically useful.