Low Serum Creatinine Levels in Early Pregnancy Are Associated with a Higher Incidence of Postpartum Abnormal Glucose Metabolism among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 9; p. 2193
• Main Authors: Chen, Nan, Zeng, Rui, Xu, Changliu, Lai, Fenghua, Chen, Li, Wang, Chenxue, Pei, Ling, Li, Zhuyu, Li, Yanbing, Xiao, Haipeng, Cao, Xiaopei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05.05.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Analysis; Beta cells; Body mass index; Chi-square test; Cholesterol; Cohort analysis; Creatinine; Development and progression; Dextrose; Diabetes in pregnancy; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology; Female; Gestational diabetes; gestational diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Glucose metabolism; Glucose tolerance; Glucose tolerance tests; Hospitals; Humans; Hyperglycemia; impaired glucose tolerance; Incidence; Insulin; Medical records; Metabolism; Metabolites; muscle mass; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; nutrition; Nutritional status; Physiological aspects; Postpartum; postpartum glucose metabolism; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy complications; Pregnant women; Retrospective Studies; serum creatinine; Skeletal muscle; Type 2 diabetes; Womens health; United States > US; muscle mass; impaired glucose tolerance; nutrition; gestational diabetes mellitus; postpartum glucose metabolism; serum creatinine
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15092193

The predictive factors for the progression from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes remain incompletely elucidated. Our objective was to investigate the link between serum creatinine, a proxy for skeletal muscle mass, and the development of postpartum abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM). A retrospective review of the medical records of 501 women with GDM was conducted, all of whom underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 4 and 12 weeks postpartum. Women were grouped based on quartiles of serum creatinine at the first antenatal visit to estimate the association between serum creatinine and postpartum AGM incidence. Compared with the highest quartile of creatinine, lower quartiles were substantially linked to an increased incidence of postpartum AGM (adjusted odds ratios 3.37 [95% CI 1.77-6.42], 2.42 [95% CI 1.29-4.51] and 2.27 [95% CI 1.23-4.18], respectively). The generalized additive model suggested a linear relationship between serum creatinine levels and the risk of postpartum AGM below 68 µmol/L of serum creatinine levels. A decrease of 2 μmol/L in serum creatinine levels was found to be associated with a 10% increase in the odds of developing postpartum AGM. Linear regression revealed that a low serum creatinine level was linked to a higher postpartum 2-h glucose level and a decreased insulinogenic index ( = 0.007 and = 0.027, respectively). An association was observed between lower serum creatinine levels in early pregnancy and an increased risk of postpartum AGM and poorer β-cell function in women with a recent history of GDM. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying our findings, as well as the role of skeletal muscle mass or nutritional status in early pregnancy on later glucose metabolism.