Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Decellularized Bone Matrix Seeded with Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerated Bone Regeneration

• Published in: Biomedicines Vol. 9; no. 12; p. 1825
• Main Authors: Liu, Keng-Fan, Chen, Rong-Fu, Li, Yun-Ting, Lin, Yun-Nan, Hsieh, Dar-Jen, Periasamy, Srinivasan, Lin, Sin-Daw, Kuo, Yur-Ren
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 03.12.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC); Biopsy; Bone growth; Bone imaging; Bone matrix; Bone morphogenetic protein 2; bone regeneration; Bones; Callus; Carbon dioxide; Collagen; decellularized bone matrix (scDBM) scDBM; Defects; Fractures; Laboratory animals; Mesenchymal stem cells; Nonunion; Orthopedics; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Osteotomy; Proteins; Regeneration; Scanning electron microscopy; Skin & tissue grafts; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2); Surgery; United States > US; Taiwan; bone regeneration; decellularized bone matrix (scDBM) scDBM; adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC); supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2)
• ISSN: 2227-9059; 2227-9059
• DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121825

Large bone fractures with segmental defects are a vital phase to accelerate bone integration. The present study examined the role of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO ) decellularized bone matrix (scDBM) seeded with allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) as bio-scaffold for bone regeneration. Bio-scaffold produced by seeding ADSC to scDBM was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Rat segmental femoral defect model was used as a non-union model to investigate the callus formation in vivo. Histological analysis and osteotomy gap closure in the defect area were analyzed at 12 and 24 weeks post-surgery. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67, BMP-2 and osteocalcin was evaluated to assess the ability of new bone formation scDBM. ADSC was found to attach firmly to scDBM bioscaffold as evidenced from SEM images in a dose-dependent manner. Callus formation was observed using X-ray bone imaging in the group with scDBM seeded with 2 × 10 and 5 × 10 ASCs group at the same time-periods. H&E staining revealed ASCs accelerated bone formation. IHC staining depicted the expression of Ki-67, BMP-2, and osteocalcin was elevated in scDBM seeded with 5 × 10 ASCs group at 12 weeks after surgery, relative to other experimental groups. To conclude, scDBM is an excellent scaffold that enhanced the attachment and recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells. scDBM seeded with ASCs accelerated new bone formation.