Sirtuins Expression and Their Role in Retinal Diseases

• Published in: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Vol. 2017; no. 2017; pp. 1 - 11
• Main Authors: Chalam, Kakarla V., Kondkar, Altaf A., Abu-Amero, Khaled K., Balaiya, Sankarathi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2017; Hindawi; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis; Cancer; Care and treatment; Cell cycle; Cell growth; Dehydrogenases; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Development and progression; DNA; DNA repair; Drug delivery systems; Enzymes; Gene expression; Genetic aspects; Glaucoma; Health aspects; Humans; Inflammation; Macular degeneration; Metabolism; Neurodegeneration; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Proteins; Retinal diseases; Retinal Diseases - metabolism; Retinal Diseases - pathology; Review; Senescence; Sirtuins - metabolism; Studies; Transcription factors; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
• ISSN: 1942-0900; 1942-0994
• DOI: 10.1155/2017/3187594

Sirtuins have received considerable attention since the discovery that silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) extends the lifespan of yeast. Sir2, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- (NAD-) dependent histone deacetylase, serves as both a transcriptional effector and energy sensor. Oxidative stress and apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative eye diseases. Sirtuins confer protection against oxidative stress and retinal degeneration. In mammals, the sirtuin (SIRT) family consists of seven proteins (SIRT1–SIRT7). These vary in tissue specificity, subcellular localization, and enzymatic activity and targets. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the sirtuin family and discuss their structure, cellular location, and biological function with a primary focus on their role in different neuroophthalmic diseases including glaucoma, optic neuritis, and age-related macular degeneration. The potential role of certain therapeutic targets is also described.