The Importance of Accurate Early Diagnosis and Eradication in Helicobacter pylori Infection: Pictorial Summary Review in Children and Adults

• Published in: Antibiotics (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 60
• Main Authors: Marginean, Cristina Maria, Cioboata, Ramona, Olteanu, Mihai, Vasile, Corina Maria, Popescu, Mihaela, Popescu, Alin Iulian Silviu, Bondari, Simona, Pirscoveanu, Denisa, Marginean, Iulia Cristina, Iacob, George Alexandru, Popescu, Mihai Daniel, Stanciu, Mihaela, Mitrut, Paul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.12.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Accuracy; Adults; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; antibiotics therapy; Antibodies; Antigens; Atrophy; Biopsy; Cancer; Children; chronic gastritis; Colonization; Diagnosis; Diagnostic tests; diagnostics test; Drug resistance; Endoscopy; Epithelial cells; Epithelium; Gastric cancer; Gastric mucosa; Gastritis; Gastroenterology; H. pylori; Helicobacter pylori; Infections; Lymphoid tissue; Lymphoma; Medical prognosis; Methods; Pathogenesis; Pathogens; Pediatrics; Peptic ulcers; Probiotics; Review; Serology; Socioeconomic factors; Ulcers; Urea; Urease; Virulence; antibiotics therapy; H. pylori; children; diagnostics test; chronic gastritis
• ISSN: 2079-6382; 2079-6382
• DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010060

Among the most widespread childhood infections, ( ) develops potentially life-threatening conditions in adults if not appropriately treated. Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen that was first described in the stomach many years ago. The discovery of was crucial in gastroenterology; this bacterium is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and lymphoid tissue lymphoma related to the gastric mucosa. Studies published so far estimate that approximately 10% of subjects infected with develop a peptic ulcer, and 1-3% of subjects develop gastric cancer. The clinical manifestations are variable and characteristically depend on the individual factors of the host. Various methods of detection and diagnosis of infection have been developed, each with advantages, disadvantages, and/or limitations. Available diagnostic tests are usually performed using invasive (endoscopy, biopsy, rapid urease test, cultures, and molecular tests) and noninvasive methods (urea breath test, stool antigen examination, and serological and molecular tests). Although there is extensive accessibility for diagnosing and treating infection, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is not negligible. Thus, numerous studies and meta-analyses are focused on a new orientation of gastroenterologists in diagnosing and treating infections. A fascinating perspective hypothesis is the administration of probiotics to reduce adhesion to gastric epithelial cells, preventing colonization, especially in children, or reinfection with in high-risk adult patients.