Deep phenotyping of 11,880 highlanders reveals novel adaptive traits in native Tibetans

• Published in: iScience Vol. 26; no. 9; p. 107677
• Main Authors: He, Yaoxi, Zheng, Wangshan, Guo, Yongbo, Yue, Tian, Cui, Chaoying, Ouzhuluobu, Zhang, Hui, Liu, Kai, Yang, Zhaohui, Wu, Tianyi, Qu, Jia, Jin, Zi-Bing, Yang, Jian, Lu, Fan, Qi, Xuebin, Su, Bing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 15.09.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Anthropology; Human physiology; Physiology; Anthropology; Human physiology; Physiology
• ISSN: 2589-0042; 2589-0042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107677

Tibetans are the ideal population to study genetic adaptation in extreme environments. Here, we performed systematic phenotyping of 11,880 highlanders, covering 133 quantitative traits of 13 organ systems. We provided a comprehensive phenotypic atlas by comparing altitude adaptation and altitude acclimatization. We found the differences between adaptation and acclimatization are quantitative rather than qualitative, with a whole-system “blunted effect” seen in the adapted Tibetans. We characterized twelve different functional changes between adaptation and acclimatization. More importantly, we established a landscape of adaptive phenotypes of indigenous Tibetans, including 45 newly identified Tibetan adaptation-nominated traits, involving specific changes of Tibetans in internal organ state, metabolism, eye morphology, and skin pigmentation. In addition, we observed a sex-biased pattern between altitude acclimatization and adaptation. The generated atlas of phenotypic landscape provides new insights into understanding of human adaptation to high-altitude environments, and it serves as a valuable blueprint for future medical and physiological studies. [Display omitted] •He et al. performed systematic phenotyping of 133 traits on 11,880 highlanders•They provided a phenotypic atlas of altitude adaptation and acclimatization•They established a landscape of adaptive phenotypes of native Tibetans•They observed a sex-biased pattern between altitude acclimatization and adaptation Human physiology; Physiology; Anthropology