Dietary treatment with rice containing resistant starch improves markers of endothelial function with reduction of postprandial blood glucose and oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

• Published in: Atherosclerosis Vol. 224; no. 2; pp. 457 - 464
• Main Authors: Kwak, Jung Hyun, Paik, Jean Kyung, Kim, Hye In, Kim, Oh Yoen, Shin, Dong Yeob, Kim, Hye-Jin, Lee, Jin Hee, Lee, Jong Ho
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.10.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: atherosclerosis; Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research); Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers - blood; Biomarkers - urine; Blood and lymphatic vessels; blood glucose; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cardiovascular; correlation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; diet; Digestion; Dinoprost - analogs & derivatives; Dinoprost - urine; Double-Blind Method; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Endothelial function; Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism; Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology; fasting; Female; glucose; glucose tolerance; Humans; Hydrolysis; Hyperemia - physiopathology; insulin; Insulin - blood; Insulin Resistance; Male; malondialdehyde; Malondialdehyde - blood; Management. Various non-drug treatments. Langerhans islet grafts; Manometry; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes; nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide - blood; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; normal values; nutritional intervention; Oryza - genetics; Oryza - metabolism; Oxidative Stress; patients; Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics; Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism; Postprandial glucose; Postprandial Period; Prediabetes; Prediabetic State - blood; Prediabetic State - diagnosis; Prediabetic State - diet therapy; Prediabetic State - physiopathology; Republic of Korea; resistant starch; rice; Rice containing resistant starch; Starch - metabolism; superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - blood; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Republic of Korea; Rice containing resistant starch; Oxidative stress; Postprandial glucose; Endothelial function; Prediabetes; Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes; Endocrinopathy; Type 2 diabetes; Human; Postprandial; Metabolic diseases; Cardiovascular disease; Glucose; Vascular disease; Treatment; Atherosclerosis
• ISSN: 0021-9150; 1879-1484
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.003

Abstract Objective We aimed to evaluate whether 4-week of dietary treatment with rice containing resistant starch reduces blood glucose and oxidative stress as well as improves endothelial function. Methods Patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes ( n  = 90) were randomly assigned to either a group ingesting rice containing 6.51 g resistant starch daily or a control rice group for 4-weeks. We assessed fasting and postprandial levels of glucose and insulin, oxidative stress markers and endothelial function using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). Results The diet containing rice with resistant starch reduced fasting insulin and insulin resistance, postprandial glucose ( P  = 0.010) and insulin levels at 30 min, and glucose and insulin areas under the response curve after the standard meal. Rice with resistant starch also decreased urinary 8-epi-PGF2α and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the RH-PAT index ( P  < 0.001) and total nitric oxide (NO). Postprandial changes in glucose at 60 and 120 min and areas under the glucose response curve, MDA, RH-PAT, and total NO of the test group differed significantly from those in the control even after adjusting for baseline values. Overall, changes in the RH-PAT index correlated positively with changes in total NO ( r  = 0.336, P  = 0.003) and superoxide dismutase activity ( r  = 0.381, P  = 0.001) and negatively with changes in MDA ( r  = −0.358, P  = 0.002) and 8-epi-PGF2α. Conclusions In patients with IFG, IGT or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, 4-weeks of dietary treatment with rice containing resistant starch was associated with improved endothelial function with reduction of postprandial glucose and oxidative stress compared with control.