Non-specific effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on cognitive ability and decision-making of ADHD and healthy adults

• Published in: Psychopharmacologia Vol. 210; no. 4; pp. 511 - 519
• Main Authors: Agay, Nirit, Yechiam, Eldad, Carmel, Ziv, Levkovitz, Yechiel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.07.2010; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cognition - drug effects; Cognitive ability; Comparative studies; Decision making; Decision Making - drug effects; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Intellectual deficiency; Male; Medical sciences; Methylphenidate - pharmacology; Middle Aged; Neuropharmacology; Neurosciences; Original Investigation; Pharmacology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Placebos; Psychiatry; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease); Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Psychopharmacology; Decision-making; Developmental disorder; Behavioral assessment; Memory; Attention; Human; Healthy subject; CNS stimulant; Decision making; Psychotropic; Cognitive ability; Mental retardation; Behavioral analysis; Piperidine derivatives; Intellectual deficiency; Adult; Attention disorder with hyperactivity; Methylphenidate
• ISSN: 0033-3158; 1432-2072
• DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1853-4

Introduction The effect of a single dose of methylphenidate (MPH) on cognitive measures and decision-making processes was assessed in a sample of adults with ADHD and in a control sample. Methods Thirty-two adults satisfying DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and 26 healthy controls performed several cognitive tasks. Half of the participants received MPH prior to performing the tasks, and the other half received placebo in a randomized, double-blind manner. Results The average digit-span test score was higher in the groups receiving MPH compared to the groups receiving placebo, while diagnosis did not have an effect upon scores. In decision-making tasks, however, MPH did not have an effect upon performance, whereas in one of the tasks the average proportion of risky choices was higher in ADHD adults compared to controls. Conclusion Our data therefore demonstrates that (a) MPH is capable of enhancing specific aspects of cognitive performance and (b) this enhancement is not specific to ADHD.