Role of TRAK1 variants in epilepsy: genotype-phenotype analysis in a pediatric case of epilepsy with developmental disorder

• Published in: Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol. 17; p. 1342371
• Main Authors: Li, Ren-Ke, Xiong, Yu-Rong, Pan, Shu-Jing, Lei, Wen-Ting, Shu, Xiao-Mei, Shi, Xiao-Qi, Tian, Mao-Qiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 12.02.2024; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Adrenocorticotropic hormone; Age; Amino acids; biallelic variant; Chromosome 3; Convulsions & seizures; Developmental disabilities; developmental disorder; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Family medical history; Genotype & phenotype; genotype and phenotype; Genotypes; Hospitals; Hydrogen bonds; Kinesin; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neuroscience; Patients; Pediatrics; Phenotypes; Protein transport; Proteins; TRAK1 gene; Valproic acid; biallelic variant; epilepsy; TRAK1 gene; developmental disorder; genotype and phenotype
• ISSN: 1662-5099; 1662-5099
• DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1342371

The gene is mapped to chromosome 3p22.1 and encodes trafficking protein kinesin binding 1. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype-phenotype of -associated epilepsy. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing was performed on a cohort of 98 patients with epilepsy of unknown etiologies. Protein modeling and the VarCards database were used to predict the damaging effects of the variants. Detailed neurological phenotypes of all patients with epilepsy having variants were analyzed to assess the genotype-phenotype correlations. A novel compound heterozygous variant comprising variant c.835C > T, p.Arg279Cys and variant c.2560A > C, p.Lys854Gln was identified in one pediatric patient. Protein modeling and VarCards database analyses revealed that the variants were damaging. The patient received a diagnosis of early infantile epileptic spasms with a developmental disorder; he became seizure-free through valproate and adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment. Further results for six variants in 12 patients with epilepsy indicated that biallelic variants (including homozygous or compound heterozygous variants) were associated with epilepsy with developmental disorders. Among these patients, eight (67%) had epileptic spasms and seven (58%) were intractable to anti-seizure medicines. Moreover, eight patients experienced refractory status epilepticus, of which seven (88%) died in early life. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of epilepsy caused by compound heterozygous variants. Biallelic variants can cause epilepsy and developmental disorders. In these patients, seizures progress to status epilepticus, suggesting a high risk for poor outcomes and the requirement of early treatment.