Haze is a risk factor contributing to the rapid spread of respiratory syncytial virus in children

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 23; no. 20; pp. 20178 - 20185
• Main Authors: Ye, Qing, Fu, Jun-fen, Mao, Jian-hua, Shang, Shi-qiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.10.2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: air; air pollutants; Air Pollutants - analysis; Air pollution; Air Pollution - analysis; Airborne particulates; Ambient temperature; Antigens; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Child; childhood; China; China - epidemiology; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental policy; Environmental science; Female; Generalized linear models; Health hazards; Health risk assessment; Hospitals; Humans; Humidity; Incidence; Infant; Infections; Laboratories; Male; meteorological data; Mortality; Nitrogen dioxide; Nonlinear Dynamics; nonlinear models; Outdoor air quality; Particulate matter; Particulate Matter - analysis; particulates; Patient admissions; Pollutants; Public health; Research Article; Respiratory syncytial virus; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - chemically induced; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - epidemiology; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - virology; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - isolation & purification; Risk Factors; Statistical analysis; Studies; Sulfur dioxide; Temperature; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; China; Hangzhou China; China, People's Rep., Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou; China, People's Rep; Air pollution; Particulate matter; Respiratory syncytial virus
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7228-6

This study investigated whether respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children was associated with ambient temperature and air pollutants in Hangzhou, China. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the effects of daily meteorological data and air pollutants on the incidence of RSV infection among children. A total of 3650 childhood RSV infection cases were included in the study. The highest air pollutant concentrations were in January to May and October to December during the year. The yearly RSV-positive rate was 10.0 % among children with an average age of 4.3 months. The highest RSV-positive rate occurred among patients 0 to 3 months old. Children under 6.5 months old accounted for 80 % of the total patients infected by RSV. A negative correlation was found between ambient temperature and RSV infection, and it was strongest with minimum ambient temperature ( r  = −0.804, P  < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the infection rate and the particulate matter (PM) 2.5 ( r  = 0.446, P  < 0.001), PM10 ( r  = 0.397, P  < 0.001), SO 2 ( r  = 0.389, P  < 0.001), NO 2 ( r  = 0.365, P  < 0.001) and CO ( r  = 0.532, P  < 0.001). The current study suggested that temperature was an important factor associated with RSV infection among children in Hangzhou. Air pollutants significantly increased the risk of RSV infection with dosage, lag and cumulative effects.