Characterization and Application of Intercalated Montmorillonite with Verapamil and its Polymethyl Methacrylate Nanocomposite in Drug Delivery

• Published in: Polymer-plastics technology and engineering Vol. 53; no. 14; pp. 1425 - 1433
• Main Authors: Mohamed, W. S., Mostafa, A. B., Nasr, H. E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA Taylor & Francis Group 08.10.2014; Taylor & Francis; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Biological and medical sciences; Clay; Composites; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Drugs; Electron microscopes; Emulsion; Emulsion polymerization; Exact sciences and technology; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow; Fluids; Forms of application and semi-finished materials; General pharmacology; Hybrid systems; Intercalation; Interlayers; Medical sciences; Methyl methacrylate; Montmorillonite; Nanocomposites; Nanostructure; Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Polymer industry, paints, wood; Polymethyl methacrylate; Scanning electron microscopy; Technology of polymers; Thermal analysis; Thermogravimetric analysis; Ultrasonic methods; Verapamil hydrochloride; Organic clay; Montmorillonite; Control release polymer; Calcium antagonist; Temperature effect; Methyl methacrylate polymer; Drug carrier; Drug delivery; Experimental study; Property processing relationship; In vitro; Composite material; Thermal stability; Thermal properties; Verapamil hydrochloride; Emulsion; Emulsion polymerization; Morphology; Preparation; Verapamil; Nanocomposite; Methyl methacrylate; Release
• ISSN: 0360-2559; 1525-6111
• DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2014.909462

This work examined two drug delivery systems: the first system studied the adsorption of Verapamil hydrochloride drug into montmorillonite clay (MMT) by intercalation process to prepare MMT-Verapamil hybrid at different intercalating time, temperatures, pH values and initial drug concentrations. The second system includes the preparation of MMT-Verapamil hybrid combined with polymethyl methacrylate via an emulsion polymerization process to produce a novel nanocomposite material to be used in drug delivery. The polymerization process was carried out using an ultrasonic technique to achieve a biologically safe drug delivery system. Best conditions for the intercalation of verapamil hydrochloride drug into the interlayer of MMT clay were found to be at 50°C and 1 hr using pH ranges of 4-6. The prepared MMT-Verapamil hybrid and the produced MMT-verapamil-MMA nanocomposite material were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The in-vitro release profile of Verapamil in the case of a drug hybrid is faster than the release in the case of a drug nanocomposite in both gastric and intestinal fluids where, in the case of gastric fluid (pH 1.2), about 40% of the loaded drug was released from the drug hybrid in the first 4 h against only 37% in 5 h in the case of drug nanocomposite. Also in the intestinal fluid (pH 7.4), the verapamil release from drug hybrid reached 68% in 5 h against only 57% was released from drug nanocomposites in 7 h.