Nanobodies as powerful pulmonary targeted biotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, pharmaceutical point of view

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects Vol. 1865; no. 11; p. 129974
• Main Authors: Najmeddin, Ali, Bahrololoumi Shapourabadi, Mina, Behdani, Mahdi, Dorkoosh, Farid
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.11.2021; Published by Elsevier B.V
• Subjects: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - antagonists & inhibitors; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - genetics; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 - immunology; Animals; Antibodies, Neutralizing - biosynthesis; Antibodies, Neutralizing - isolation & purification; Antibodies, Neutralizing - therapeutic use; Antiviral Agents - isolation & purification; Antiviral Agents - metabolism; Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use; Camelus; Covid-19; COVID-19 - immunology; COVID-19 - therapy; COVID-19 - virology; COVID-19 infection; Drug Delivery Systems; drugs; Humans; Immune Sera - chemistry; Immunologic Factors - biosynthesis; Immunologic Factors - isolation & purification; Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use; Lung - drug effects; Lung - immunology; Lung - virology; Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods; mutants; Nanobody; Peptide Library; Protein Binding - drug effects; Pulmonary drug delivery; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 - drug effects; SARS-CoV-2 - genetics; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Single-Domain Antibodies - biosynthesis; Single-Domain Antibodies - isolation & purification; Single-Domain Antibodies - therapeutic use; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - antagonists & inhibitors; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology; therapeutics; viruses; Nanobody; SARS-CoV-2; Pulmonary drug delivery; Covid-19
• ISSN: 0304-4165; 1872-8006; 1872-8006
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129974

Background Since December 2019, the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to infect humans and many people died from severe Covid-19 during the last 2 years worldwide. Different approaches are being used for treatment of this infection and its consequences, but limited results have been achieved and new therapeutics are still needed. One of the most interesting biotherapeutics in this era are Nanobodies which have shown very promising results in recent researches. Scope of review Here, we have reviewed the potentials of Nanobodies in Covid-19 treatment. We have also discussed the properties of these biotherapeutics that make them very suitable for pulmonary drug delivery, which seems to be very important route of administration in this disease. Major conclusion Nanobodies with their special biological and biophysical characteristics and their resistance against harsh manufacturing condition, can be considered as promising, targeted biotherapeutics which can be administered by pulmonary delivery pharmaceutical systems against Covid-19. General significance Covid-19 has become a global problem during the last two years and with emerging mutant strains, prophylactic and therapeutic approaches are still highly needed. Nanobodies with their specific properties can be considered as valuable and promising candidates in Covid-19 therapy. •For Covid-19 treatment, pulmonary drug delivery can provide high concentrations of the therapeutic into the target tissue.•Nanobodies are promising biotherapeutics for pulmonary drug delivery due to their biological and biophysical properties.•Nebulizers are the most suitable devices for pulmonary delivery of Nanobodies in patients with Covid-19.•Nanobodies with their stable structure, can resist against aggregation and shear forces during Nebulization process.