Regional and Chronological Variation of Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19: a Meta-Analysis

• Published in: Journal of Korean medical science Vol. 36; no. 4; p. e40
• Main Authors: Kim, Jeong Whun, Han, Seung Cheol, Jo, Hyung Dong, Cho, Sung Woo, Kim, Jin Youp
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korea (South) The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 25.01.2021; 대한의학회
• Subjects: COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 - physiopathology; Europe; Geography; Humans; Olfaction Disorders - epidemiology; Olfaction Disorders - physiopathology; Olfaction Disorders - virology; Original; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Smell; Taste Disorders - epidemiology; Taste Disorders - physiopathology; Taste Disorders - virology; 의학일반; Europe; Geographic Location; Meta-Analysis; Taste; Coronavirus; Smell
• ISSN: 1011-8934; 1598-6357
• DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e40

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the reported prevalence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction varies widely, and the reason for the inter-study differences is unclear. Hence, in this meta-analysis, we performed subgroup analyses to investigate the factors that contribute to the inter-study variability in the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Out of 943 citations, we included 55 eligible studies with 13,527 patients with COVID-19 for a meta-analysis. Calculating the data extracted from each study, the weighted summary prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated using a Freeman-Tukey transformation with models based on random-effects assumptions. A meta-analysis of variance compared the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction according to regional, chronological, demographic, and methodologic factors, respectively. The overall pooled prevalence rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were 51.4% and 47.5%, respectively, in the random-effect model. In subgroup analyses, the prevalence rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were significantly different among four geographical regions (both < 0.001, respectively). Although the prevalence rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction did not significantly differ according to the time of enrollment, the subgroup analyses including only studies from the same geographical region (Europe) revealed a significant difference in olfactory dysfunction according to the time of enrollment. The regional and chronological differences in the prevalence rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions partly explain the wide inter-study variability.