Rice (Oryza sativa) Bran and Soybean (Glycine max) Meal: Unconventional Supplements in the Mead Production

• Published in: Food technology and biotechnology Vol. 60; no. 1; pp. 89 - 98
• Main Authors: Araújo, Geiza Suzart, Ribeiro, Gislane Oliveira, de Souza, Sílvia Maria Almeida, da Silva, Gervásio Paulo, de Carvalho, Giovani Brandão Mafra, Bispo, José Ailton Conceição, Martínez, Ernesto Acosta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Croatia Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Prehramheno-Biotehnoloski Fakultet 01.03.2022; University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Agricultural economics; Alcoholic beverages; commercial supplement; Ethanol; Fermentation; Flasks; Glycerol; Glycine max; Honey; honey must fermentation; Koji; Low cost; mead production; Nitrogen; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrients; Original Scientific Papers; Oryza sativa; Rice; Rice bran; rice bran extract; Saccharomyces; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; soybean meal extract; Soybeans; Sugar; Sulfur; Yeast; honey must fermentation; soybean meal extract; commercial supplement; mead production; rice bran extract
• ISSN: 1330-9862; 1334-2606
• DOI: 10.17113/ftb.60.01.22.7183

Research background. Due to the lack of nitrogen in honey, fermentation of honey must is limited or delayed, in addition to stimulating the production of unpleasant sensory compounds, such as sulfur derivatives. The use of natural supplements has been investigated as low-cost alternatives mainly to correct the nutritional deficiency of nitrogen in honey must in mead production. Experimental approach. Initially, the physicochemical characterization of the rice bran and soybean meal extracts was carried out. The fermentation of three yeasts (Saccharomyces bayanus Premier Blanc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Montrachet and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Safbrew T-58) in honey must supplemented with 30 g/L rice bran or soybean meal extracts was evaluated. The trials were compared with the fermentations of the must with commercial supplement (30 g/L) and the control trials. Fermentations were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks containing honey must with supplements, inoculated with 106 cell/mL yeast and incubated at 30 °C for 264 h. Results and conclusions. There was significant difference in the evaluated properties of the extracts, with the exception of reducing sugars. The fermentations with soybean meal extract reached the highest cell concentrations, as well as the largest consumption of glucose, fructose and ethanol. The glycerol concentrations slightly increased when soybean meal extract and commercial supplement were used. The highest concentrations of succinic and acetic acids were registered in the control trials produced by Saccharomyces strains Premier Blanc, Montrachet and Safbrew T-58. Formic and lactic acids were not produced. Results showed that the extracts can be used as low-cost alternatives for correcting the nutritional deficiency of nitrogen in honey must since their effect was similar to that of synthetic supplement. Novelty and scientific contribution. The use of low-cost, unconventional supplements such as those used in this work, in addition to reducing the cost of the process by reducing fermentation time and providing nutrients needed to improve yeast metabolism, prevents the formation of undesirable compounds in the beverage due to prolonged fermentation time. It also makes it possible to add value to industrial by-products. Unconventional supplements have still been little tested in mead production.