Pulmonary function three to five months after hospital discharge for COVID-19: a single centre cohort study

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 681
• Main Authors: Krueger, Tina, van den Heuvel, Janelle, van Kampen-van den Boogaart, Vivian, van Zeeland, Roel, Mehagnoul-Schipper, D Jannet, Barten, Dennis G, Knarren, Lieve, Maas, Arno F G, Wyers, Caroline E, Gach, Debbie, Schols, Annemie M W J, Beijers, Rosanne J H C G, van den Bergh, Joop P, van Osch, Frits H M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 13.01.2023; Nature Publishing Group UK; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: Cohort analysis; Cohort Studies; Complications; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - complications; Diffusion; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals; Humans; Lung; Lung diseases; Muscle strength; Patient Discharge; Patients; Respiratory function
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27879-8

Some COVID-19 survivors suffer from persistent pulmonary function impairment, but the extent and associated factors are unclear. This study aimed to characterize pulmonary function impairment three to five months after hospital discharge and the association with disease severity. Survivors of COVID-19 after hospitalization to the VieCuri Medical Centre between February and December 2020 were invited for follow-up, three to five months after discharge. Dynamic and static lung volumes, respiratory muscle strength and diffusion capacity were measured. The cohort comprised 257 patients after a moderate (n = 33), severe (n = 151) or critical (n = 73) COVID-19 infection with a median follow-up of 112 days (interquartile range 96-134 days). The main sequelae included reduced diffusion capacity (36%) and reduced maximal expiratory pressure (24%). Critically ill patients were more likely to have reduced diffusion capacity than moderate (OR 8.00, 95% CI 2.46-26.01) and severe cases (OR 3.74, 95% CI 1.88-7.44) and lower forced vital capacity (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.20-9.06) compared to severe cases. Many COVID-19 survivors, especially after a critical disease course, showed pulmonary function sequelae, mainly DLCO impairments, three to five months after discharge. Monitoring is needed to investigate the persistence of these symptoms and the longer-term implications of the COVID-19 burden.