The mercury level in hair and breast milk of lactating mothers in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Exposure to mercury is one of the major global health concerns due to its stability, bioaccumulation and high toxicity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the mean mercury level in hair and breast milk (BM) of Iranian lactating mothers (ILMs) through meta-analysis technique. We con...

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Published inJournal of environmental health science and engineering Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 355 - 366
Main Authors Mahmoudi, Norouz, Jonidi Jafari, Ahmad, Moradi, Yousef, Esrafili, Ali
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cham Springer International Publishing 01.06.2020
BioMed Central Ltd
Subjects
Analysis
Cities and towns
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Economics
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Environmental Health
Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice
Public health
Quality of Life Research
Review
Review Article
Toxicity
Waste Management/Waste Technology
World health
Iran
Hair
Mercury
Mothers, Iran
Breast milk
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Summary:Exposure to mercury is one of the major global health concerns due to its stability, bioaccumulation and high toxicity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the mean mercury level in hair and breast milk (BM) of Iranian lactating mothers (ILMs) through meta-analysis technique. We conducted a systematic literature search in online electronic databases included main domestic databases (SID, Magiran, Iran medex, Medlib and ISC) and international databases (Embase, Scopus and PubMed) for studies published between 2000 up 2018. Each process of research and evaluation of articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria is done by two researchers, individually. From10 studies entered to meta-analysis process including 556 ILM, the mean hair mercury level (HML) and mean milk mercury level (MML) was estimated to be 0.15 μg/g (95 CI: 0.11–0.19, I2: 47.6%, P: 0.028) and 0.51 μg/l (95 CI: 0.28–0.74, I2: 1.9%, P: 0.421), respectively. In this meta-analysis, the mean HML and mean MML were estimated to be lower than the standard of World Health Organization (WHO). Although the mean mercury level in hair and BM of ILMs was lower than the WHO standard, but due to toxicity and serious concern of health, management and Periodic monitor are recommended in different cities of the country for evaluate the mercury levels in hair and BM of ILMs and to estimate the infant’s exposure.
ISSN:2052-336X
2052-336X
DOI:10.1007/s40201-020-00460-5