The role of impulsive behavior in drug abuse

• Published in: Psychopharmacologia Vol. 200; no. 1; pp. 1 - 26
• Main Authors: Perry, Jennifer L., Carroll, Marilyn E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.09.2008; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Addictive behaviors; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Animals; Behavior; Behavior, Addictive - etiology; Behavior, Addictive - physiopathology; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Drug abuse; Drug addiction; Humans; Impulsive Behavior - etiology; Impulsive Behavior - physiopathology; Inhibition (Psychology); Medical sciences; Neurosciences; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Reaction Time; Review; Reward; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Substance-Related Disorders - etiology; Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology; Task Performance and Analysis; Drug abuse; Animal models; Impulsivity; Relapse; Escalation; Dysregulation; Delay discounting; Acquisition; Abstinence; Treatment; Go/no-go task; Impulsive choice; Inhibition; Five-choice serial reaction time task; Stop signal reaction time task; Animal model; Stop signal reaction time task . Treatment; Choice; Learning; Discounting; Acquisition process; Choice reaction time; Serial reaction time; Delay discounting .Drug abuse; Behavior; Drug addiction; Substance abuse; Addiction; Reaction time
• ISSN: 0033-3158; 1432-2072
• DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1173-0

Background Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that has recently been recognized as a factor contributing to enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse. Objectives In the present review, we focus on two facets of impulsivity (and tasks that measure them): (1) impulsive choice (delay discounting task) and (2) inhibitory failure (go/no-go, stop signal reaction time, and five-choice serial reaction time tasks). We also describe how performance on each of these tasks is associated with drug-related behavior during phases of drug abuse that capture the essential features of addiction (acquisition, escalation, and reinstatement of drug-seeking after drug access has terminated). Three hypotheses (H) regarding the relationship between impulsivity and drug abuse are discussed: (1) increased levels of impulsivity lead to drug abuse (H1), (2) drugs of abuse increase impulsivity (H2), and (3) impulsivity and drug abuse are associated through a common third factor (H3). Conclusion Impulsivity expressed as impulsive choice or inhibitory failure plays a role in several key transition phases of drug abuse. There is evidence to support all three nonexclusive hypotheses. Increased levels of impulsivity lead to acquisition of drug abuse (H1) and subsequent escalation or dysregulation of drug intake. Drugs of abuse may increase impulsivity (H2), which is an additional contributor to escalation/dysregulation. Abstinence, relapse, and treatment may be influenced by both H1 and H2. In addition, there is a relationship between impulsivity and other drug abuse vulnerability factors, such as sex, hormonal status, reactivity to nondrug rewards, and early environmental experiences that may impact drug intake during all phases of addiction (H3). Relating drug abuse and impulsivity in phases of addiction via these three hypotheses provides a heuristic model from which future experimental questions can be addressed.