Intracranial aneurysm and hemorrhagic stroke in glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism

• Published in: Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. 1979) Vol. 31; no. 1; pp. 445 - 450
• Main Authors: LITCHFIELD, W. R, ANDERSON, B. F, WEISS, R. J, LIFTON, R. P, DLUHY, R. G
• Format: Conference Proceeding Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA Lippincott 1998; Hagerstown, MD American Heart Association, Inc
• Subjects: Adrenals. Adrenal axis. Renin-angiotensin system (diseases); Adult; Age of Onset; Biological and medical sciences; Cerebral Hemorrhage - complications; Cerebral Hemorrhage - epidemiology; Cerebral Hemorrhage - mortality; Endocrinopathies; Female; Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism - complications; Hyperaldosteronism - drug therapy; Intracranial Aneurysm - complications; Intracranial Aneurysm - epidemiology; Intracranial Aneurysm - mortality; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms; Registries; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Endocrinopathy; Human; Intracranial; Nervous system diseases; Adrenal cortex diseases; Hyperaldosteronism; Aneurysm; Cardiovascular disease; Hyperadrenocorticism; Cerebral disorder; Vascular disease; Cerebral hemorrhage; Adrenal gland diseases; Central nervous system disease; Complication; Cerebrovascular disease
• ISSN: 0194-911X; 1524-4563
• DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.31.1.445

There are anecdotal reports of early cerebrovascular complications occurring in patients with glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA). The issue has never been systematically evaluated. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the International Registry for GRA to see if there was an association between cerebrovascular complications and GRA. We searched the records of 376 patients from 27 genetically proven GRA pedigrees for premature death or cerebrovascular complications. Each case was subsequently verified through the referring physician, or autopsy reports. The number of complications occurring in patients with proven GRA were compared to GRA negative subjects from the same pedigrees. There were 18 cerebrovascular events in 15 patients with proven GRA (n=167) and none in the GRA negative group (n=194; P<.001). There were an additional 15 events in 15 subjects that were suspected of having GRA based on clinical history. Seventy percent of events were hemorrhagic strokes; the overall case fatality rate was 61%. The mean (+/- SD) age at the time of the initial event was 31.7+/-11.3 years. In total, 48% of all GRA pedigrees and 18% of all GRA patients had cerebrovascular complications, which is similar to the frequency of aneurysm in adult polycystic kidney disease. GRA is associated with high morbidity and mortality from early onset of hemorrhagic stroke and ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Screening for intracranial aneurysm with magnetic resonance angiography is advised for patients with genetically proven GRA.