Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and risk of prediabetes: a case-control study

• Published in: Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism Vol. 42; no. 4; pp. 399 - 404
• Main Authors: Vahid, Farhad, Shivappa, Nitin, Karamati, Mohsen, Naeini, Alireza Jafari, Hebert, James R, Davoodi, Sayed Hossein
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Canada NRC Research Press 01.04.2017; Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press
• Subjects: Anti-inflammatory diet; blood glucose; Case-Control Studies; Developing Countries; Diabetes; Diet; Diet - adverse effects; Diet - ethnology; Female; food frequency questionnaires; food intake; glucose tolerance; Health aspects; Health Transition; Healthy Diet - ethnology; high density lipoprotein; Humans; inflammation; Iran; Iran - epidemiology; lean body mass; Linear Models; Logistic Models; low density lipoprotein; Low density lipoproteins; Male; metabolic syndrome; Middle Aged; odds ratio; Patient Compliance - ethnology; Prediabetic state; Prediabetic State - epidemiology; Prediabetic State - ethnology; Prediabetic State - etiology; Prediabetic State - immunology; Regression analysis; risk; Risk assessment; Risk Factors; régime alimentaire; Self Report; syndrome métabolique; triacylglycerols; Urban Health - ethnology; Iran; metabolic syndrome; syndrome métabolique; diet; inflammation; régime alimentaire
• ISSN: 1715-5312; 1715-5320; 1715-5320
• DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0395

The possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of prediabetes requires further investigation, especially in non-Western populations. We examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the risk of prediabetes in a case-control study conducted at specialized centers in Esfahan, Iran. A total of 214 incident cases of prediabetes were selected with the nonrandom sampling procedure, and the 200 controls randomly selected from the same clinics were frequency-matched on age (±5 years) and sex. DII scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated and reproducible 168-item food-frequency questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable beta estimates and odds ratios (ORs). Subjects in tertile 3 versus tertile 1 (T3VS1) of DII had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (DII T3VS1 : b = 4.49; 95% CI 1.89, 7.09), oral glucose tolerance (DII T3VS1 : b = 8.76; 95% CI 1.78, 15.73), HbA1c (DII T3VS1 : b = 0.30; 95% CI 0.17, 0.42), low-density lipoprotein (DII T3VS1 : b = 16.37; 95% CI 11.04, 21.69), triglyceride (DII T3VS1 : b = 21.01; 95% CI 8.61, 33.42) and body fat (DII T3VS1 : b = 2.41; 95% CI 0.56, 4.26) and lower high-density lipoprotein (DII T3VS1 : b = −3.39; 95% CI −5.94, −0.84) and lean body mass (DII T3VS1 : b = −3.11; 95% CI −4.83, −1.39). After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the most pro-inflammatory DII group had 19 times higher odds of developing prediabetes compared with subjects in tertile 1 (DII T3VS1 : OR = 18.88; 95% CI 7.02, 50.82). Similar results were observed when DII was used as a continuous variable, (DII continuous : OR = 3.62; 95% CI 2.50, 5.22). Subjects who consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet were at increased risk of prediabetes compared with those who consumed a more anti-inflammatory diet.