Macronutrient Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Relevance to Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Atherogenesis

• Published in: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 104; no. 12; pp. 6118 - 6128
• Main Authors: Biobaku, Fatimo, Ghanim, Husam, Batra, Manav, Dandona, Paresh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Copyright Oxford University Press 01.12.2019; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-inflammatory diet; Atherogenesis; Atherosclerosis - etiology; Atherosclerosis - metabolism; Cellular signal transduction; Diet; Dietary intake; Dietary restrictions; Energy intake; Food habits; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - etiology; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation Mediators - adverse effects; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Molecular modelling; Nutrients - adverse effects; Obesity; Obesity - etiology; Obesity - metabolism; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Risk Factors; Signal transduction; Type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 0021-972X; 1945-7197; 1945-7197
• DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01833

The intake of macronutrients as components of a Western dietary pattern leads to oxidative stress and inflammation. Data were largely retrieved from our previous and most recent work. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for recent articles on the effect of macronutrients/dietary intake on inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity, and atherogenesis. The most relevant, high-quality articles were included in our review. Our previous work has demonstrated the molecular mechanisms of macronutrient-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. With the induction of inflammation, proinflammatory molecules potentially interfere with insulin signal transduction, thus causing insulin resistance. In addition, other molecules promote atherogenic inflammation. More recently, our work has also shown that certain foods are noninflammatory or anti-inflammatory and thus, do not interfere with insulin signaling. Finally, as obesity is induced by chronic excessive caloric intake, it is characterized by an increase in the expression of proinflammatory molecules, which are induced acutely by a Western diet. Caloric restriction, including fasting, is associated with a reduction in oxidative and inflammatory stress. This review summarizes and attempts to provide an up-to-date profile of the molecular mechanisms involved in macronutrient-mediated oxidative/inflammatory stress and its potential consequences. An understanding of these underlying mechanisms is crucial for making appropriate dietary choices.