Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use Among Outpatients Diagnosed With COVID-19

• Published in: The American journal of cardiology Vol. 132; pp. 150 - 157
• Main Authors: Bae, David J., Tehrani, David M., Rabadia, Soniya V., Frost, Marlene, Parikh, Rushi V., Calfon-Press, Marcella, Aksoy, Olcay, Umar, Soban, Ardehali, Reza, Rabbani, Amir, Bokhoor, Pooya, Nsair, Ali, Currier, Jesse, Tobis, Jonathan, Fonarow, Gregg C., Dave, Ravi, Rafique, Asim M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.10.2020; Elsevier Limited; Excerpta Medica
• Subjects: ACE2; Adult; Age; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists - therapeutic use; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis; Coronavirus Infections - drug therapy; Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Emergency medical care; Enzyme inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mechanical ventilation; Medical records; Middle Aged; Mortality; Outpatients; Pandemics; Peptidyl-dipeptidase A; Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis; Pneumonia, Viral - drug therapy; Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology; Receptors; Regression analysis; Respiratory diseases; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Treatment Outcome; Ventilation; Viral diseases; Los Angeles California; United States > US; California
• ISSN: 0002-9149; 1879-1913
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.07.007

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pandemic precipitated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Since previous reports suggested that viral entry into cells may involve angiotensin converting enzyme 2, there has been growing concern that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use may exacerbate the disease severity. In this retrospective, single-center US study of adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19, we evaluated the association of ACEI/ARB use with hospital admission. Secondary outcomes included: ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, use of inotropes, and all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching was performed to account for potential confounders. Among 590 unmatched patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 78 patients were receiving ACEI/ARB (median age 63 years and 59.7% male) and 512 patients were non-users (median age 42 years and 47.1% male). In the propensity matched population, multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities demonstrated that ACEI/ARB use was not associated with hospital admission (OR 1.2, 95%CI 0.5 to 2.7, p = 0.652). CAD and CKD/end stage renal disease [ESRD] remained independently associated with admission to hospital. All-cause mortality, ICU stay, need for ventilation, and inotrope use was not significantly different between the 2 study groups. In conclusion, among patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19, ACEI/ARB use was not associated with increased risk of hospital admission.