Development and Internal Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Falls Among Older People Using Primary Care Electronic Health Records

• Published in: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences Vol. 77; no. 7; pp. 1438 - 1445
• Main Authors: Dormosh, Noman, Schut, Martijn C, Heymans, Martijn W, van der Velde, Nathalie, Abu-Hanna, Ameen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: US Oxford University Press 05.07.2022
• Subjects: Fall prediction; Fall prevention; Routinely collected data; Free text; Accidental falls
• ISSN: 1079-5006; 1758-535X
• DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab311

Abstract Background Currently used prediction tools have limited ability to identify community-dwelling older people at high risk for falls. Prediction models utilizing electronic health records (EHRs) provide opportunities but up to now showed limited clinical value as risk stratification tool, because of among others the underestimation of falls prevalence. The aim of this study was to develop a fall prediction model for community-dwelling older people using a combination of structured data and free text of primary care EHRs and to internally validate its predictive performance. Methods We used EHR data of individuals aged 65 or older. Age, sex, history of falls, medications, and medical conditions were included as potential predictors. Falls were ascertained from the free text. We employed the Bootstrap-enhanced penalized logistic regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to develop the prediction model. We used 10-fold cross-validation to internally validate the prediction strategy. Model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination and calibration. Results Data of 36 470 eligible participants were extracted from the data set. The number of participants who fell at least once was 4 778 (13.1%). The final prediction model included age, sex, history of falls, 2 medications, and 5 medical conditions. The model had a median area under the receiver operating curve of 0.705 (interquartile range 0.700–0.714). Conclusions Our prediction model to identify older people at high risk for falls achieved fair discrimination and had reasonable calibration. It can be applied in clinical practice as it relies on routinely collected variables and does not require mobility assessment tests.