high intake of dietary fiber influences C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, but not glucose and lipid metabolism, in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects

• Published in: European journal of nutrition Vol. 53; no. 1; pp. 39 - 48
• Main Authors: Johansson-Persson, Anna, Ulmius, Matilda, Cloetens, Lieselotte, Karhu, Toni, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Önning, Gunilla
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.02.2014; Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; beverages; Biological and medical sciences; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body Mass Index; breads; C-reactive protein; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cross-Over Studies; cytokines; dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; Disorders of blood lipids. Hyperlipoproteinemia; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; fibrinogen; Fibrinogen - metabolism; food intake; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; glucose; Health Sciences; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; hypercholesterolemia; Hypercholesterolemia - diet therapy; Hälsovetenskap; inflammation; insulin; lipid metabolism; Lipid Metabolism - physiology; Male; Medical and Health Sciences; Medical sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Metabolic diseases; Middle Aged; Nutrition; Nutrition and Dietetics; Näringslära; oat bran; Original Contribution; risk; rye bran; Single-Blind Method; sugar beet; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; Sugar beet; Inflammatory markers; Oat; Dietary fiber; Rye; Human; Nutrition; Metabolic diseases; Lipids; Hyperlipoproteinemia; Glucose; Lipoprotein; Metabolism; Cholesterol; Feeding; Hypercholesterolemia; Food intake; Beet sugar; Fibrinogen; Cereal; Carbohydrate; Dyslipemia; C reactive protein
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0496-8

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate how a diet high in dietary fiber, with several fiber sources included, modulates glucose and lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in humans. METHODS: Subjects (n = 25) aged 58.6 (1.1) years (mean and SD) with a BMI of 26.6 (0.5) kg/m² and a total cholesterol (TC) of 5.8 (0.1) mmol/L (mean and SEM) were given a high fiber (HF) and low fiber (LF) diet, in a randomized controlled 5-week crossover intervention, separated by a 3-week washout. The HF diet consisted of oat bran, rye bran, and sugar beet fiber incorporated into test food products; one bread roll, one ready meal, and two beverages consumed daily. Equivalent food products, without added fibers, were provided in the LF diet. RESULTS: Total dietary fiber intake was 48.0 g and 30.2 g per day for the HF and LF diet, respectively. Significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) was observed between the diets (P = 0.017) and a significant reduction in fibrinogen within the HF diet (P = 0.044). There were no significant effects in other measured circulating cytokines or in glucose, insulin, and lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that a 5-week high dietary fiber intake of oat bran, rye bran, and sugar beet fiber might reduce the low-grade inflammatory response measured as CRP which could, together with reduced fibrinogen, help to prevent the risk of cardiovascular disease.