Physicochemical Properties and Microbiome of Vineyard Soils from DOP Ribeiro (NW Spain) Are Influenced by Agricultural Management

• Published in: Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 3; p. 595
• Main Authors: Blanco, Pilar, Rodríguez, Isaac, Fernández-Fernández, Victoria, Ramil, María, Castrillo, David, Acín-Albiac, Marta, Adamo, Irene, Fernández-Trujillo, Clara, García-Jiménez, Beatriz, Acedo, Alberto, Calvo-Portela, Noemi, Parente-Sendín, Andrea, Acemel-Míguez, Lara, Alonso-Vega, Flora
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.03.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Agricultural ecosystems; Agricultural management; Biodiversity; bulk soil; Copper; Environmental impact; Fungicides; Humidity; Liquid chromatography; Management; Management systems; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; metagenomics; Microbiomes; micronutrients; Microorganisms; Nutrient availability; Nutrients; Organic farming; Organic soils; Pesticide residues; Pesticides; Physicochemical properties; Plant diseases; Soil chemistry; Soil fertility; Soil microbiology; Soil microorganisms; Soil pH; Soil properties; Soil research; Soil science; Soils; Sustainability management; Sustainable agriculture; vineyard; Vineyards; Wineries & vineyards; Spain; bulk soil; vineyard; bacteria; fungi; metagenomics; microbial terroir; pesticide residues; micronutrients; microbial networks; sustainable agriculture
• ISSN: 2076-2607; 2076-2607
• DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030595

Agricultural management influences the soil ecosystem by affecting its physicochemical properties, residues of pesticides and microbiome. As vineyards grow crops with the highest incidence of pesticides, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of conventional and sustainable management systems of vineyards from DOP Ribeiro on the soil's condition. Samples from soils under three different management systems were collected, and the main soil physicochemical properties were evaluated. A selection of 50 pesticides were investigated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The bacterial and fungal microbiomes were characterized through amplicon sequencing. The results show that organic agriculture positively influences soil pH and the concentration of some nutrients compared to conventional management. Our microbiome analysis demonstrated that transitioning from conventional to organic management significantly improves several BeCrop indexes related to key microbial metabolism and soil bio-sustainability. Such a transition does not affect soil alpha diversity, but leads to a higher interconnected microbial network structure. Moreover, differential core genera and species for each management system are observed. In addition, the correlation of the microbiome with geographical distance is evidence of the existence of different within DOP Ribeiro. Indeed, sustainable management leads to higher nutrient availability and enhances soil health in the short term, while lowering pesticide usage.