Recent advances in bio-orthogonal and dynamic crosslinking of biomimetic hydrogels

In recent years, dynamic, 'click' hydrogels have been applied in numerous biomedical applications. Owing to the mild, cytocompatible, and highly specific reaction kinetics, a multitude of orthogonal handles have been developed for fabricating dynamic hydrogels to facilitate '4D'...

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Published inJournal of materials chemistry. B, Materials for biology and medicine Vol. 8; no. 35; pp. 7835 - 7855
Main Authors Arkenberg, Matthew R, Nguyen, Han D, Lin, Chien-Chi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Royal Society of Chemistry 21.09.2020
Subjects
Biomedical materials
Biomimetic Materials - chemistry
Biomimetic Materials - metabolism
Biomimetics
Cell culture
Cell viability
Chemical synthesis
Chemistry
Click Chemistry
Covalence
Crosslinking
Enzymes - metabolism
Extracellular matrix
Gelation
Hydrogels
Hydrogels - chemistry
Hydrogels - metabolism
Mechanical control
Orthogonality
Reaction kinetics
Shear thinning (liquids)
Tissues
Viscoelasticity
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Summary:In recent years, dynamic, 'click' hydrogels have been applied in numerous biomedical applications. Owing to the mild, cytocompatible, and highly specific reaction kinetics, a multitude of orthogonal handles have been developed for fabricating dynamic hydrogels to facilitate '4D' cell culture. The high degree of tunability in crosslinking reactions of orthogonal 'click' chemistry has enabled a bottom-up approach to install specific biomimicry in an artificial extracellular matrix. In addition to click chemistry, highly specific enzymatic reactions are also increasingly used for network crosslinking and for spatiotemporal control of hydrogel properties. On the other hand, covalent adaptable chemistry has been used to recapitulate the viscoelastic component of biological tissues and for formulating self-healing and shear-thinning hydrogels. The common feature of these three classes of chemistry ( i.e. , orthogonal click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent adaptable chemistry) is that they can be carried out under ambient and aqueous conditions, a prerequisite for maintaining cell viability for in situ cell encapsulation and post-gelation modification of network properties. Due to their orthogonality, different chemistries can also be applied sequentially to provide additional biochemical and mechanical control to guide cell behavior. Herein, we review recent advances in the use of orthogonal click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent adaptable chemistry for the development of dynamically tunable and biomimetic hydrogels. This review highlights recent advances in bio-orthogonal and dynamic hydrogels crosslinked by irreversible click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent-adaptable network.
Bibliography:Han Nguyen is pursuing her PhD in the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering at Purdue University, under the supervision of Professor Chien-Chi Lin. She earned her MS degree in Biomedical Engineering from Purdue University at Indianapolis in 2019. She completed her undergraduate education in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Maine in 2017. Her current research focuses on developing biologically-derived hydrogels with tunable viscoelasticity for studying osteocyte-tumor interactions.
Prof. Chien-Chi Lin is currently a Full Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. He holds a BS degree from National TsingHua Universtity (Taiwan) and an MS degree from National Taiwan University, both in Chemical Engineering. He received his PhD in Bioengineering from Clemson University in 2007 and completed his postdoctoral training in University of Colorado at Boulder in 2010. His main research focus is on developing dynamic and multifunctional polymeric hydrogels for cancer and tissue engineering applications.
Matthew Arkenberg is currently a PhD student and NSF graduate research fellow in the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering at Purdue University, working in the laboratory of Professor Chien-Chi Lin. He earned bachelor's degrees in Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering in 2016 from Butler University and Purdue University - Indianapolis, respectively. He earned his MS degree from Purdue University - Indianapolis in 2018. His research focuses on designing chemically-defined dynamic hydrogels for culture and differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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These authors contribute equally to the work.
ISSN:2050-750X
2050-7518
DOI:10.1039/d0tb01429j