Extracellular vesicle long non–coding RNA‐mediated crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: Tiny molecules, huge roles

• Published in: Cancer science Vol. 111; no. 8; pp. 2726 - 2735
• Main Authors: Zhang, Wei‐long, Liu, Yan, Jiang, Jian, Tang, Ya‐Jie, Tang, Ya‐ling, Liang, Xin‐hua
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.08.2020; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; Apoptosis; biomarker; Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism; Breast cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell Communication - genetics; Cell growth; Cell Movement - genetics; chemoresistance; Colorectal cancer; Digestive system; Disease Progression; Drug resistance; Esophageal cancer; Exosomes; Extracellular matrix; extracellular vesicle; Extracellular vesicles; Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism; Fibroblasts; Gastric cancer; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gynecology; Horizontal transfer; Humans; Intracellular signalling; Kinases; Liver cancer; long non–coding RNA; Lung cancer; Medical diagnosis; Medical prognosis; Metastasis; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms - diagnosis; Neoplasms - genetics; Neoplasms - pathology; Non-coding RNA; Phenotypes; Proteins; Review; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA, Long Noncoding - analysis; RNA, Long Noncoding - metabolism; Signal transduction; Stem cells; Stromal cells; Stromal Cells - pathology; therapeutics; Transmission electron microscopy; Tumor cells; Tumor microenvironment; Tumor Microenvironment - genetics; tumor progression; chemoresistance; therapeutics; tumor progression; long non-coding RNA; tumor microenvironment; biomarker; extracellular vesicle
• ISSN: 1347-9032; 1349-7006; 1349-7006
• DOI: 10.1111/cas.14494

Emerging evidence has shown that dynamic crosstalk among cells in the tumor microenvironment modulates the progression and chemotherapeutic responses of cancer. Extracellular vesicles comprise a crucial form of intracellular communication through horizontal transfer of bioactive molecules, including long non–coding RNA (lncRNA), to neighboring cells. Three main types of extracellular vesicles are exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, exhibiting a wide range of sizes and different biogenesis. Over the last decade, dysregulation of extracellular vesicle lncRNA has been revealed to remodel the tumor microenvironment and induce aggressive phenotypes of tumor cells, thereby facilitating tumor growth and development. This review will focus on extracellular vesicle lncRNA‐mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and recipient cells, including tumor cells as well as stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, and overview the mechanisms by which lncRNA are selectively sorted into extracellular vesicles, which may pave the way for their clinical application in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Emerging evidence has shown that dynamic crosstalk among cells in the tumor microenvironment modulates the progression and chemotherapeutic responses of cancer. Recently, dysregulation of extracellular vesicle lncRNA has been revealed to remodel the tumor microenvironment and induce an aggressive phenotype of cancer cells, thereby facilitating tumor growth and development. This review focuses on extracellular vesicle lncRNA‐mediated crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment and the mechanisms by which lncRNA are selectively sorted into extracellular vesicles, which may pave the way for its clinical application in cancer diagnosis and treatment.