Imaging studies for diagnosing Graves’ orbitopathy and dysthyroid optic neuropathy

Although the diagnosis of Graves’ orbitopathy is primarily made clinically based on laboratory tests indicative of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity, imaging studies, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and color Doppler imaging, play an important role both in the...

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Published inClinics (São Paulo, Brazil) Vol. 67; no. 11; pp. 1327 - 1334
Main Authors Gonçalves, Allan C. Pieroni, Gebrim, Eloísa M. M.S., Monteiro, Mário L.R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Portuguese
Published Brazil Elsevier España, S.L.U 01.11.2012
Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
Faculdade de Medicina / USP
Subjects
Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Diagnostic Imaging - methods
Graves Disease - diagnosis
Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Multidetector Computed Tomography
Optic Nerve Diseases
Optic Nerve Diseases - diagnosis
Review
Ultrasonography
Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Multidetector Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Optic Nerve Diseases
Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Ultrasonography
Graves' Ophthalmopathy
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Summary:Although the diagnosis of Graves’ orbitopathy is primarily made clinically based on laboratory tests indicative of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity, imaging studies, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound and color Doppler imaging, play an important role both in the diagnosis and follow-up after clinical or surgical treatment of the disease. Imaging studies can be used to evaluate morphological abnormalities of the orbital structures during the diagnostic workup when a differential diagnosis versus other orbital diseases is needed. Imaging may also be useful to distinguish the inflammatory early stage from the inactive stage of the disease. Finally, imaging studies can be of great help in identifying patients prone to develop dysthyroid optic neuropathy and therefore enabling the timely diagnosis and treatment of the condition, avoiding permanent visual loss. In this paper, we review the imaging modalities that aid in the diagnosis and management of Graves’ orbitopathy, with special emphasis on the diagnosis of optic nerve dysfunction in this condition.
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Gonçalves AC contributed to the review of the literature and writing of the manuscript. Gebrim EM revised the manuscript. Monteiro ML wrote and revised the manuscript.
ISSN:1807-5932
1980-5322
1980-5322
DOI:10.6061/clinics/2012(11)18