Total energy expenditure of healthy Swedish women during pregnancy and lactation

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 56; no. 2; pp. 334 - 342
• Main Authors: Forsum, E, Kabir, N, Sadurskis, A, Westerterp, K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD Elsevier Inc 01.08.1992; American Society for Clinical Nutrition
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue - anatomy & histology; Adult; Basal Metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; body composition; Body Weight; Doubly labeled water method; energy cost of pregnancy; energy expenditure; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; human lactation; Humans; lactation; Lactation - metabolism; Longitudinal Studies; Mother. Fetoplacental unit. Mammary gland. Milk; Motor Activity; pregnancy; Pregnancy - metabolism; Pregnancy. Parturition. Lactation; Sweden; total energy expenditure; Vertebrates: reproduction; women; Sweden; Europe; energy cost of pregnancy; total energy expenditure; Doubly labeled water method; lactation; pregnancy; Pregnancy; Human; Female; Energy metabolism; Breast feeding; Gestational age
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/56.2.334

Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated in healthy Swedish women by the doubly labeled water method in a longitudinal study during pregnancy and lactation. Measurements were made before pregnancy (A); in gestational weeks 16–18 (B), 30 (C), and 36 (D); as well as 2 (F) and 6 (G) mo after delivery. When the results were interpreted, earlier published data regarding resting metabolic rate (RMR), energy intake, and energy in breast milk were also considered. TEE (MJ/ d) and TEE/RMR were 10.5 ± 2.2 (x̄ ± SD) and 1.87 ± 0.42 (n = 28), 9.6 ± 2.8 and 1.65 ± 0.67 (n = 22), 12.5 ± 3.4 and 1.82 ± 0.45 (n = 22), 12.2 ± 4.1 and 1.66 ± 0.52 (n = 19), 10.6 ± 2.0 and 1.82 ± 0.41 (n = 23), and 10.8 ± 2.7 and 1.79 ± 0.42 (n = 23) at A, B, C, D, F, and G, respectively. The results indicated that physical activity tended to be decreased during early pregnancy. Taking changes in body energy stores into consideration, it was estimated that subjects recorded 86% and 77% of their energy intakes at A and F respectively.