Structural Sexism and Preventive Health Care Use in the United States

• Published in: Journal of health and social behavior Vol. 65; no. 1; pp. 2 - 19
• Main Authors: Dore, Emily C., Shrivastava, Surbhi, Homan, Patricia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.03.2024; American Sociological Association
• Subjects: Female; Females; Gender; Gender Bias; Gender Discrimination; Health care; Health Promotion; Health risks; Health services; Humans; Hygiene; Hypotheses; Male; Males; Men; Population Health; Power; Preventive Health Services; Preventive medicine; Resource allocation; Risk assessment; Risk behavior; Risk factors; Risk reduction; Risk taking; Sexism; Surveillance; Surveillance systems; United States; Women; United States; United States > US; health disparities; preventive health care; state context; structural sexism; gender inequality
• ISSN: 0022-1465; 2150-6000
• DOI: 10.1177/00221465231194043

Preventive health care use can reduce the risk of disease, disability, and death. Thus, it is critical to understand factors that shape preventive care use. A growing body of research identifies structural sexism as a driver of population health, but it remains unknown if structural sexism is linked to preventive care use and, if so, whether the relationship differs for women and men. Gender performance and gendered power and resource allocation perspectives lead to competing hypotheses regarding these questions. This study explores the relationship between structural sexism and preventive care in gender-stratified, multilevel models that combine data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System with state-level data (N = 425,454). We find that in states with more structural sexism, both men and women were less likely to seek preventive care. These findings support the gender performance hypothesis for men and the gendered power and resource allocation hypothesis for men and women.