Effect of luggage type on gait parameters using in-shoe motion sensors

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 27074 - 8
• Main Authors: Suzuki, Shota, Watanabe, Daiki, Shimizu, Hiroki, Tanigawa, Kyoma, Kashiyama, Shione, Kawamoto, Shinichi, Nagai-Tanima, Momoko, Aoyama, Tomoki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.07.2025; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 692/700/228; 692/700/3160; Activities of daily living; Adult; Asymmetry; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body mass index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gait; Gait - physiology; Gait Analysis; Gait asymmetry; Gait parameters; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; In-shoe motion-sensor system; Luggage type; Male; multidisciplinary; Osteoarthritis; Posture; Posture - physiology; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Symmetry; Velocity; Walking; Walking - physiology; Walking Speed; Young Adult; Young adults; United States > US; Japan; Gait asymmetry; Luggage type; In-shoe motion-sensor system; Gait parameters; Posture
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-12569-4

Walking with luggage is a common daily activity. While its effects on gait and posture have been explored, most findings are based on laboratory measurements rather than real-world conditions. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of walking with luggage on gait and posture in everyday environments using an in-shoe motion sensor system. Gait parameters of 26 healthy, pain-free young adults were assessed over a 10-minute period under four conditions: no luggage, using a backpack, a shoulder bag, and a crossbody bag. Gait data were recorded at 2-minute intervals using an in-shoe motion sensor system. The averages of the valid right and left gait measurements were automatically calculated. Data were analyzed by comparing mean values and symmetry indices. There were differences in stance time, pushing time, cadence, and walking speed between mean values of each luggage. Asymmetry was most notable in pushing time and maximum swing-phase speed. Spatial parameters showed minimal variations. We concluded that the type of luggage carried can alter gait. Recognizing these differences may help prevent conditions, such as knee osteoarthritis, provide daily life guidance, and enhance overall well-being. Future research could expand these findings by considering various luggage weights and a broader age demographic.