Dismantling and chemical characterization of spent Peltier thermoelectric devices for antimony, bismuth and tellurium recovery

• Published in: Environmental technology Vol. 38; no. 7; pp. 791 - 797
• Main Authors: Balva, Maxime, Legeai, Sophie, Garoux, Laetitia, Leclerc, Nathalie, Meux, Eric
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 03.04.2017; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Antimony; Antimony - chemistry; Bismuth; Bismuth - chemistry; Chemical characterization; Chemical Sciences; Contact; Devices; Legs; Semiconductors; spent Peltier devices; Tellurium; Tellurium - chemistry; Thermoelectricity; X-Ray Diffraction; British Isles; tellurium; spent Peltier devices; antimony; Chemical characterization; bismuth
• ISSN: 0959-3330; 1479-487X
• DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1211748

Major uses of thermoelectricity concern refrigeration purposes, using Peltier devices, mainly composed of antimony, bismuth and tellurium. Antimony was identified as a critical raw material by EU and resources of bismuth and tellurium are not inexhaustible, so it is necessary to imagine the recycling of thermoelectric devices. That for, a complete characterization is needed, which is the aim of this work. Peltier devices were manually dismantled in three parts: the thermoelectric legs, the alumina plates on which remain the electrical contacts and the silicone paste used to connect the plates. The characterization was performed using five Peltier devices. It includes mass balances of the components, X-ray diffraction analysis of the thermoelectric legs and elemental analysis of each part of the device. It appears that alumina represents 45% of a Peltier device in weight. The electrical contacts are mainly composed of copper and tin, and the thermoelectric legs of bismuth, tellurium and antimony. Thermoelectric legs appear to be Se-doped Bi 2 Te 3 and (Bi 0,5 Sb 1,5 )Te 3 for n type and p type semiconductors, respectively. This work shows that Peltier devices can be considered as a copper ore and that thermoelectric legs contain high amounts of bismuth, tellurium and antimony compared to their traditional resources.