Statistical Optimization of Flavonoid and Antioxidant Recovery from Macerated Chinese and Malaysian Lotus Root ( Nelumbo nucifera ) Using Response Surface Methodology

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 7; p. 2014
• Main Authors: Tan, Sze-Jack, Lee, Chee-Keong, Gan, Chee-Yuen, Olalere, Olusegun Abayomi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.04.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: antioxidant; Antioxidants; Cancer; Cultivars; Design optimization; flavonoid; Flavonoids; Free radicals; lotus root; Medical research; Nelumbo nucifera; Optimization; Response surface methodology; Roots; Scavenging; Solvents; Temperature; Trends; Variance analysis; China; Malaysia; antioxidant; flavonoid; lotus root; optimization; Nelumbo nucifera
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072014

In this study, the combination of parameters required for optimal extraction of anti-oxidative components from the Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots were carefully investigated. Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the pH (X : 2-3), extraction time (X : 0.5-1.5 h) and solvent-to-sample ratio (X : 20-40 mL/g) to obtain a high flavonoid yield with high % DPPH free radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power assay (FRAP). The analysis of variance clearly showed the significant contribution of quadratic model for all responses. The optimal conditions for both Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots were obtained as: CLR: X = 2.5; X = 0.5 h; X = 40 mL/g; MLR: X = 2.4; X = 0.5 h; X = 40 mL/g. These optimum conditions gave (a) Total flavonoid content (TFC) of 0.599 mg PCE/g sample and 0.549 mg PCE/g sample, respectively; (b) % DPPH of 48.36% and 29.11%, respectively; (c) FRAP value of 2.07 mM FeSO and 1.89 mM FeSO , respectively. A close agreement between predicted and experimental values was found. The result obtained succinctly revealed that the Chinese lotus exhibited higher antioxidant and total flavonoid content when compared with the Malaysia lotus root at optimum extraction condition.